TCALLP Lesson 1-3

Motivational and Affective Factors

Influences on learning including motivation, emotional states, beliefs, interests, goals, and habits of thinking, with intrinsic motivation being stimulated by tasks of optimal novelty and difficulty.

Nature of the Learning Process

Learning complex subject matter is most effective when it involves constructing meaning from information and experiences, such as learning by observing others.

Goals of the Learning Process

Successful learners can create coherent representations of knowledge over time, linking new information with existing knowledge in meaningful ways.

Construction of Knowledge

The ability of successful learners to connect new information with what they already know in meaningful ways.

Strategic Thinking

The capacity of successful learners to use various thinking and reasoning strategies to achieve complex learning goals.

Thinking about Thinking

Higher-order strategies that help in selecting and monitoring mental operations to facilitate creative and critical thinking.

Context of Learning

The influence of environmental factors like culture, technology, and instructional practices on the learning process.

Effects of motivation on effort

Acquisition of complex knowledge and skills requires extended learner effort and guided practice.

Individual Differences in Learning

Learners have different strategies, approaches, and capabilities influenced by experience and heredity.

Learning and Diversity

Effective learning considers linguistic, cultural, and social background differences.

Cognitive and Metacognitive Factors

Factors related to the intentional process of constructing meaning from information and experience, linking new information with existing knowledge, and using thinking and reasoning strategies to achieve learning goals.

Developmental and Social Factors

Influences on learning related to differential development within physical, intellectual, emotional, and social domains, as well as the impact of social interactions, interpersonal relations, and communication with others.

Individual Differences Factors

Factors that influence learners and learning processes, taking into account the unique characteristics, abilities, and needs of each individual.

Visual Learners

Learners who learn best through visual displays, thinking in pictures, and seeing actions and facial expressions.

Auditory Learners

Learners who learn best through verbal lectures, discussions, and listening, known as 'The Listeners' and 'The Talkers'.

Tactile/Kinesthetic Learners

Learners who prefer a hands-on approach, learning through movement, doing, and touching, and benefitting from a 'learning by doing' method.

Left Brain/Right Brain

The concept that the left brain is more analytical while the right brain is more global in processing information.

Intrinsic Motivation to Learn

Motivation that stems from personal interests, tasks of optimal novelty and difficulty, and providing personal choice and control.

Motivational and emotional influences on learning

Motivation to learn, in turn, is influenced by the individual's emotional states, beliefs, interests and goals, and habits if thinking.

Developmental influences on learning

Learning is most effective when differential development within and across physical, intellectual, emotional, and social domains is taken into account.

Social influences on learning

Learning is influenced by social interactions, interpersonal relations, and communication with others.

Standards and Assessment

Setting high standards and assessing learning process integral to learning.

Human Development

Progression from birth to death involving physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional changes.

Traditional Approach

Emphasizes extensive change from birth to adolescence, little or no change in adulthood, and decline in late old age.

Life-Span Approach

Emphasizes developmental changes in adulthood and childhood.

Biological Processes

Changes in physical nature like growth, hormonal changes, and decline.

Cognitive Processes

Changes in thought, intelligence, and language skills.

Socio-Emotional Processes

Changes in relationships, emotions, and personality development.

Plasticity

Potential for change throughout the lifespan.

Multidimensional Development

Involves biological, cognitive, and socio-emotional dimensions.

Contextual Development

Individuals develop in response to changing contexts.

Growth, Maintenance, Regulation

Three goals of human development across different stages.

Developmental Stages

Distinct periods in human life with specific tasks and challenges.

Research in Child and Adolescent Development

Investigations into growth and changes in children and adolescents.

Developmental Tasks

Tasks at specific life stages crucial for future success or failure.

Developmental Stages

Distinct periods in human life with specific tasks and challenges.

Havighurst's Developmental Task

Tasks at specific life stages crucial for future success or failure.

Santrock's Developmental Stages

Distinct periods in human life with specific tasks and challenges.

Periods in Development

Defined stages in human life from birth to death.

Structure and Expectations of Schooling

Influences how children grow and learn within an educational context.

Educational Implications

Schooling influences growth and learning based on developmental stages.

Prenatal

Conception to birth

Infancy

Birth to 18 months

Early Childhood

18 months to 6 years

Late Childhood

6 to 13 years

Adolescence

13 to 20 years

Young Adulthood

20 to 45 years

Midlife

45 to 65 years

Late life

65 to death