BIO030 UCR Final Review

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering human sexuality concepts, anatomy, reproductive health, and psychological models of love as discussed in the BIO030 UCR lecture.

Sigmund Freud

Believed sexuality inherent in men and women.

Havelock Ellis

Declared masturbation, homosexuality, and oral sex okay as long as there isn't harm.

Masters + Johnson

Developed the sexual response cycle (excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution).

alfred kinsey

Deduced men and women both have the same homosexual/heterosexual behaviors in a marriage and family course in $1938$.

qualitative study

In-depth observation of a small group; good for understanding context and lived experience but not generalizable.

survey

Gathering research from a large pool of people through questionnaires and interviews; cheap and quick.

experimental method

Researcher manipulates variables to measure how it impacts subject behavior; can determine causal relationships.

direct observation

Researchers observe and document participant responses; eliminates possibility of data falsification.

independent variable

The control variable; the variable that is not affected by other variables.

dependent variable

The variable affected by the control variable.

gamete

Haploid cells capable of reproduction, consisting of sperm (produced by testes) and ova (produced by ovaries).

Penis

Muscle made of tissue, nerves, and blood cells, consisting of three sections: glans, shaft, and root.

Scrotum

Pouch of skin that holds the testicles.

Glans

The head of the penis, which includes the corona, frenum, and prepuce.

Shaft

The body of the penis, consisting of two cavernous bodies that surround the urethra.

Root

The base of the penis which has crura and controls urination and ejaculation.

Optimal temperature for sperm production

$93\,\text{degrees F}$.

tunica dartus

Causes the scrotum to rise and fall due to temperature changes.

cremasteric muscle

Influences the position of the testicle in the scrotum and can be voluntarily contracted.

perenium

Sensitive area between genitals and anus, homologous with oogenic anatomy.

testes (gonads)

Produce gametes (sperm) and testosterone; suspended by the spermatic cord.

seminal vesicles

Makes $\frac{2}{3}$ of semen and produces vitamins and fructose for sperm energy.

prostate gland

Walnut sized, donut shaped gland within the internal spermatogenic structure.

seminiferous tubules

The specific place where sperm is produced.

sertoli cells

Cells in the seminiferous tubules that nurture and facilitate spermatogenesis and secrete anti-mullarian hormone.

spermatogonia

Primordial germ cell that goes through mitosis to produce mature sperm cells.

Leydig Cells

Cells within connective tissue that synthesize and secrete testosterone and other androgens.

sperm tail function

Acts as a flagellum to provide swimming capability.

fibrogenase

Enzyme in the prostate that causes coagulation of semen after ejaculation to prevent leakage from the vagina.

cowper's glands

Glands that lubricate the urethra prior to ejaculation and expel clear fluid.

hypospadias

Condition where one's urethra does not extend to reach full length of penis, affecting $1$ in $125$ children.

chordee

A condition where the penis curves downward when erect.

peyronie's disease

Curvature of the penis caused by the production of scar tissue.

phimosis

Tight, non-retractable foreskin (prepuce).

priapism

Prolonged and painful erection that can lead to impotence.

variocele

Dilated vein in the spermatic cord that impacts sperm production and can lead to infertility.

prostasis

Inflammation of the prostate gland.

benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

Enlargement of the prostate caused by benign cell growth.

sebum

Waxy substance that helps waterproof the vulva.

mons veneris/pubis

Fleshy mound that reduces friction and holds scent of vaginal secretions.

clitoral complex

Includes internal crura, hood, vestibular bulbs, urethral sponge, and perineal sponge.

introitus

The vaginal opening.

Bartholin's glands

Glands that secrete mucus into the vestibule.

Grafenberg spot (G-spot)

Area of increased erotic sensitivity on or deep within the front wall of the vagina.

Myometrium

The middle muscular layer of the uterus.

Endometrium

The layer of the uterus that thickens and sheds in response to hormones from the menstrual cycle.

Fimbriae

Fringed part of the fallopian tubes with cilia-like hair cells that move the egg along with contractions.

Estrogen

Regulates the menstrual cycle and facilitates development of secondary sexual characteristics.

corpus iuterum

Produces progestin to thicken the endometrium during the menstrual cycle.

consumate love

Relationship type composed of all three factors: intimacy, passion, and commitment.