bio-DNA quiz
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Last updated 4:27 AM on 2/6/23
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26 Terms
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Genetics
the science that studies how characteristics (or traits) get passed from one parent to offspring (called inheritance)
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what year(s) did scientists determine that DNA was the molecule that stored genetic information
the 1920's
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DNA stands for
Deoxyribonucleic acid
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DNA is composed of...
a string of nucleotides
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DNA strings are made of 3 parts…
5-carbon sugar called deoxyribose, A phosphate group, A nitrogen base (4 choices; Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine)
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Edwin Chargaff
determined that A=T & G=C, base pairing system
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Rosalind Franklin
used an X-ray to show that 2 DNA strands were twisted
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Francis Crick & James Watson
Used Franklin’s picture to create the first model of DNA
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Adenine pairs with…
thymine
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Guanine pairs with…
cytosine
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The shape of DNA
double helix
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double helix
\-composed of alternating deoxyribose sugar and phosphate groups
\-commonly called the “sugar-phosphate backbone”
\-looks like a twisted ladder
\-The rungs of the ladder are made of nitrogen bases
\-WEAK SO THAT THEY CAN BREAK AND COME BACK TOGETHER
\-commonly called the “sugar-phosphate backbone”
\-looks like a twisted ladder
\-The rungs of the ladder are made of nitrogen bases
\-WEAK SO THAT THEY CAN BREAK AND COME BACK TOGETHER
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gene
a segment of DNA that codes for the protein, thereby causing a genetic characteristic of a trait, ike Hair color, eye color, or height
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cells are constantly...
growing and dividing, which must be accomplished without breaking the DNA strands
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In order to protect the DNA….
it is tightly coiled around proteins called **histones** and condensed into **chromosomes**
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DNA can....
tell many things about a person and genetic differences between people are very important so diseases are not as deadly
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DNA replication
when a cell divides, DNA must be copied, requires the strands to be unwound first
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replication fork
\-After the DNA is unwound from the histones, an enzyme called helicase “unzips” the two strands of DNA
\-This location is known as the replication fork.
\-This location is known as the replication fork.
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DNA polymerase
brings nucleotides to match one of the DNA strands (known as the parent strand)
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Stem cell(s)
a cell that has not been assigned a part yet
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DNA replication is a semi-conservative process because....?
only half of each parent strand remains in the new DNA molecule
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SUMMARY OF DNA REPLICATION:
To make it easy to move DNA without damage, it is wrapped around __**histones**__ and condensed into __**chromosomes**__. To copy the DNA (called DNA __**replication**__), enzymes separate the two strands and use one side as the blueprint to make a __**complementary**__ strand.
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SUMMARY OF DNA:
DNA is the molecule that stores genetic information for cells. It is shaped like a double helix with bases on the inside. These match in pairs with A bonding with T and C bonding with G
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histone
a group of basic proteins that help protect DNA
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chromosome
\-a structure of nucleic acids and protein
\-found in the __nucleus__ of most living cells
\-carries genetic information in the form of genes
\-found in the __nucleus__ of most living cells
\-carries genetic information in the form of genes
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complementary DNA strands
two strands of DNA with corresponding bases/chains (google definition: (either of the two chains that make up a double helix of DNA, with corresponding positions on the two chains being composed of a pair of complementary bases)
