Bio 112 Exam 1 A

1) Which of the following things is a condition that must be met for a population to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium?

a) There must be no immigration or emigration

2) If you have a population in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium and the frequency of $p=0.35$, what is the frequency of $q$?

c) 0.65

4) Two organisms that are in the same Order must also be in the same

D) Class

5) Three of the statements below are misconceptions about evolution, and one thing is true about evolution. Which of the following statements is true and not a misconception?

c) Evolution is not a completely random process

6) A virus... caused elevated mutation rates in the surviving organisms... which of the following most likely occurred in the animal populations?

B) Mutation led to increased genetic variation.

7) Which of the following is the proper format of binomial nomenclature for the African forest elephant?

A) Loxodonta cyclotis

8) If you have 20,000 people in a population, and 7 people have two copies of the recessive gene for cystic fibrosis... What is the frequency of carriers in this population?

b) 0.037

9) Which of the following statements is NOT a common misconception about evolution?

c. Individuals cannot influence their evolution.

10) A sheep and a goat can breed together and produce a hybrid offspring called a Geep, but the Geep are usually stillborn (not alive upon birth). Which of the statements below would best explain this?

A) This would be an example of reduced hybrid viability

11) What is the correct name for a phylogenetic tree that stems from a single starting branch?

D) Rooted

12) If one pine tree makes staminate cones (male) with pollen grains in the spring, and the other pine trees with ovulate cones (female) have ovules that are viable only in the fall, this would be an example of

b. temporal isolation

13. Species-specific [bindin] proteins on the heads of higher (advanced)-vertebrates bind to receptors of the [zona pellucida] of an oocyte (egg). This represents a [pre-zygotic] barrier to speciation.

c. bindin; zona pellucida; pre-zygotic

14. Which of the following is an example of prezygotic reproductive isolation?

C. One species breeds in the fall and the other in the spring

15. In a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which of the following must be true?

C) Random mating occurs and no evolutionary forces are acting

16) Which statement about analogies (analogous traits) is correct?

C. They are derived by similar environmental constraints

17. What is punctuated equilibrium?

B) Rapid evolutionary changes followed by long periods of stasis

18. Two populations of frogs live in the same area but breed in different ponds and never meet to mate. What type of isolation is this?

B. Ecological (habitat) isolation

19) Which of the following things is likely to result in the founder effect?

A) A few snails travelled to an island in the middle of a river on a small tree branch

20) Choose the correct match between the historical figure and his contribution to the growing development of evolutionary thinking:

B) Wallace -- described his own ideas about natural selection similarly but independently from Darwin

21) When males and females of a population look or act differently, it is referred to as

a. sexual dimorphism

22) Which type of reproductive isolation occurs when two species cannot physically mate due to incompatible reproductive structures?

B. Mechanical isolation

23) Which of the following would be the best evidence that two populations are reproductively isolated?

C. They do not produce fertile offspring when interbreeding

24) Complete the following sentence to read true. Genetic variation

C) must be present in a population before natural selection can act upon the population

25) Every cheetah... is nearly genetically identical to every other cheetah. Cheetas have been hunted close to extinction. We now know that this genetic similarity is because of

b. the bottleneck effect

26) Human babies have a high death rate if they are born under 5 pounds or above 10 pounds. This is an example of

b. Stabilizing selection

27) Which of the following pieces of evidence provides the strongest support for the endosymbiotic theory?

B. The fact that mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA

28) The following similarity in the anatomy of the bones shown below would be an example of which of the following pieces of evidence supporting evolutionary theory?

B. Homologous Structures

29) A defining characteristic of allopatric speciation is

C) Geographic isolation

30) In a population of butterflies, two color morphologies exist... Predators more easily spot the more common morphology... Once the blue butterflies become very low... the now more common yellow butterfly starts to get eaten. This is an example of:

B. Frequency-dependent selection

33) Which of the following is the BEST description of a species?

A) A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce healthy fertile offspring.

34) Which form of selection can maintain populations that contained mostly homozygous recessive individuals?

a. Disruptive selection

35) What is the term parsimony in biology?

D) It is the idea that one should give the simplest possible solution/explanation

36) These two crickets never meet and are a different species, due to the fact that one prefers sandy soil and the other prefers loamy, grassy environments. Their speciation would be due to which type of reproductive isolation?

D) Ecological/habitat

37) Which of the following scenarios is most likely to result in allopatric speciation?

D. Two bird populations become separated by a mountain range

38) The sperm from one species of flower manages to enter the egg from another... Through the duplication of chromosomes the seed survives and develops into a new species of plant. This plant is self-fertilizing... Which of the following concepts best describes this scenario?

A) Speciation due to allopolyploidy

39) The presence of vestigial structures in an organism is evidence of:

B) A common ancestor with organisms that retain that structure