based off outline
Incompatibility is the physicochemical phenomena that create a product ____________ for ________________.
unsuitable for administration
3 categories of incompatibilities:
therapeutic
physical
chemical
Therapeutic Imcompatibilites deals with what 2 things?
Pharmacokinetics
ADME
Pharmacodynamics
drug MOA
Physical Incompatibility is defined as two or more drugs in a solution resulting in ______________________.
change of appearance
What are some changes in appearance of a solution that indicate a physical incompatibilty?
cloudy
precipitate
color change
viscosity change
effervescence
What are some sources of physical incompatibilty?
concentration
cosolvent system
ionic interactions
pH
sorption
adsorption vs. absorption
adsorption- drug adheres to surface of container/administration materials
absorption- drug integrates into matrix of container/administration materials
Chemical Incompatibilities are interactions resulting in _____________ changes or rearrangements to ____________________________________.
molecular changes or rearrangements to different chemical entities
Are chemical interactions usually reversible?
no- irreversible
What are some of the chemical rxns that cause chemical incompatibilies? (Ex: hydrolysis)
hydrolysis
water breaks bonds
oxidation
electron loss
reduction
electron gain
complexation
rxn between metal ion and ligand
displacement
replacement of 1 element by another
What properties affect the degradation of drugs?
photolysis
light
pH
temp
increase temp= increase rxn rate
concentration
increase conc= increase rxn rate
What can be used to maintain proper pH?
buffers
What are the advantages/disadvantages of refrigeration of drugs?
advantages- increase chemical stability, reduce microbial growth
disadvantages- solubility generally decreases
In a syringe, because it has a _________ total volume, there is increased potential for issues.
small
What is a Y-site?
the location of ports where you can attach another IV line or a syringe for IV push medications
contact time is _________ at y-sites.
brief
What is an admixture?
multiple components combined in 1 bottle/bag
What are some of the causes of compatibility issues associated with admixtures?
contact time
multiple ingredients
ambient temp
exposure to light
Which containers minimize compatibility issues? (glass or plastic)
glass
What are some potential issues with plastic containers?
permeation, leaching, sorption
physical/chemical incompatibilities
easily punctured
melts
What is the most common issue with rubber closures? How can we prevent it?
Problem- coring
Solution- insert needle at 45 degree angle, use minimum gauge, bring refrigerated bottles to room temp
Which resource only shows compatibility at Y-sites?
Trissel’s Tables
HBID, Trissel’s 2, and King’s Guide all show compatibility in …
in admixtures
in syringes
at y-sites
What additional info is in the HBID resource?
product info
administration
stability/storage
What additional info is in the Trissel’s Tables resource?
contains drugs in different solutions
What additional info is in the Trissel’s 2?
single drug in solution
Which resource is available to us students at LECOM?
Trissel’s 2
What additional info is in the King’s Guide?
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