Chapter 3 - Understanding Residents Lecture Flashcards

Flashcards based on Chapter 3: Understanding Residents, covering physiological and psychosocial needs, Maslow's hierarchy, resident rights, family dynamics, ADLs, mental health, grief, and end-of-life care.

Five basic physiological needs

Food, water, sleep/rest, shelter, and elimination.

Psychosocial needs

Needs involving the mind, emotions, relationships, and social well-being.

Six psychosocial needs

Love/affection, acceptance, security, self-esteem, social interaction, and independence.

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

A model that organizes human needs from basic physical needs to higher-level personal growth needs.

Lowest level of Maslow's hierarchy

Physiological needs.

Level after physiological needs in Maslow's hierarchy

Safety and security needs.

Level after safety and security needs in Maslow's hierarchy

Love and belonging needs.

Level after love and belonging needs in Maslow's hierarchy

Self-esteem needs.

Highest level of Maslow's hierarchy

Self-actualization.

Self-actualization

Reaching one's potential, growing, learning, and becoming the best version of oneself.

Maslow level: feeling that you are doing a good job

Self-esteem.

Maslow level: spending time with people who care about you

Love and belonging.

Maslow level: feeling safe in your home

Safety and security.

Maslow level: having enough food and water

Physiological needs.

Elderly sexual needs and urges

Sexuality can remain important throughout life; elderly people still have these needs.

Age and sexual activity capacity

The ability to engage in sexual activity does not automatically end with age and may continue unless affected by disease, injury, or other conditions.

Resident right to express sexuality

Residents have the right to express their sexuality as long as the activity is consensual and does not harm others.

NA address regarding sexuality and identity

The NA should use the resident's preferred pronouns and respectful terms.

NA entry protocol

Before entering a resident's room, an NA must knock and wait for a response.

Private sexual encounter protocol

If consenting adult residents are having a private sexual encounter, the NA should respect their privacy rather than interrupting them unnecessarily.

NA response to sexual abuse

Move the resident to safety if possible and immediately notify the nurse according to facility policy.

Holistic care

Care that considers the whole person, including physical, emotional, social, and spiritual needs.

Importance of holistic care

A resident's different needs affect one another, so care should address the whole person.

Independence

The ability to make choices and perform activities for oneself as much as possible.

Promotion of independence

It supports dignity, self-esteem, ability, and quality of life.

Task speed vs. independence

An NA should not do a task for a resident just because it is faster; the resident should be allowed to do as much as possible independently.

Resident choice rights

Residents should be allowed to make choices even when the NA would choose differently, as long as the choice is safe and within rights.

Task timing and independence

NAs should not decide how long tasks take based only on their own schedule; residents should be given enough time to do what they can for themselves.

Consequence of loss of independence

Doing too much for a resident can cause unnecessary dependence.

Mrs. Sanchez case study: Bathroom door

Opening the door for her was a problem because she was able to open it herself, so doing it for her reduced independence.

Mrs. Sanchez case study: Better dressing approach

Let the resident choose her clothes and dress herself as much as possible.

Promoting independence during bathing

Let the resident wash the areas she can reach and help only where needed.

Promoting independence during grooming

Allow the resident to do tasks such as skincare, hair care, or makeup when able.

Culture

Values, beliefs, customs, language, traditions, and behaviors shared by a group or individual.

Culturally respectful care delivery

Ask about and respect each resident's individual preferences, beliefs, and practices.

Cultural individualization

An NA should not assume all people from the same culture want the same care; each resident is an individual.

Importance of family roles

Families may influence support, decision-making, routines, and a resident's sense of identity.

Single-parent family

A family in which one parent is raising one or more children.

Nuclear family

A family made up of parents and their children.

Blended family

A family formed when partners bring children from previous relationships into a new family.

Extended family

A family that includes relatives beyond parents and children, such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, or cousins.

Same-sex family

A family in which the adult partners are of the same sex.

Multigenerational family

A family in which multiple generations live together or function closely as one household.

ADLs

Abbreviation for Activities of daily living.

Activities of daily living definition

Routine personal-care activities such as bathing, dressing, grooming, eating, toileting, and mobility.

Value of resident activities

They support physical health, mental stimulation, social interaction, independence, and quality of life.

Effect of activity deficit

Physical and mental functioning may decline when a resident has too little activity.

Activity appropriateness

Activities should be based on residents' interests and abilities; they should be meaningful and appropriate for the individual.

Common benefit of regular physical activity

Improved strength, mobility, circulation, and overall function.

Developmental disability

A condition that begins during the developmental period and may affect physical, intellectual, language, mobility, learning, or self-care abilities.

Abilities affected by developmental disabilities

Examples include language, mobility, learning, self-care, and independent living.

Dignity for adults with intellectual disabilities

Treat them as adults, with dignity and respect.

Communication with intellectual disabilities

Use simple, clear communication, be patient, and allow enough time to complete tasks.

Communication respect (intellectual disability)

An NA should not talk down to an adult; use respectful adult communication.

Anxiety

Uneasiness, worry, or fear, often about a situation or outcome.

Panic disorder

A disorder involving repeated episodes of intense fear or panic.

Depression

A mental health disorder involving persistent sadness, loss of interest, or other changes that affect daily life.

Apathy

A lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern.

Hallucination

A false sensory perception, such as seeing or hearing something that is not actually present.

Delusion

A persistent false belief that is not based in reality.

Bipolar disorder

A mental health disorder involving significant changes in mood, energy, and activity levels.

Psychotherapy

Treatment in which a trained mental health professional helps a person work through thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

Management of delusions

An NA should not argue with the resident; stay calm, do not reinforce the false belief, and report observations to the nurse.

Defense mechanism

An unconscious way of protecting oneself from anxiety or uncomfortable thoughts and feelings.

Acceptance stage of grief

Recognizing the reality of the loss and beginning to adjust to it.

Five commonly taught stages of grief

Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance.

Grief progression order

People do not always experience the stages in order; they may move through them differently or revisit stages.

Denial stage of grief

Difficulty accepting that a loss or situation is real.

Anger stage of grief

Feelings of frustration, resentment, or anger related to the loss.

Bargaining stage of grief

Trying to negotiate or make promises in hopes of changing or delaying the loss.

Depression stage of grief

Deep sadness and withdrawal that may occur while processing a loss.

Hospice care

Compassionate care focused on comfort and quality of life for a person with a terminal illness.

Main goal of hospice care

Comfort and dignity rather than curing the disease.

Hospice focus on life prolongation

No; it focuses on comfort, symptom relief, and quality of life rather than prolonging life at all costs.

Palliative care

Care that relieves pain and other symptoms and improves comfort and quality of life.

Palliative care timing

Can be given while a person is receiving treatment for an illness.

Signs of approaching death

Reduced appetite and thirst, increased sleeping, weakness, changes in breathing, decreased urine, and reduced responsiveness.

Rigor mortis

Stiffening of the body's muscles after death.

Postmortem care

Care of the body after death according to facility policy, resident wishes, and legal requirements.

Post-death religious and cultural practices

An NA should respect the resident's and family's beliefs and follow the care plan and facility policy.

Advance directive

A legal document that states a person's wishes about medical care if the person cannot communicate or make decisions.

Living will

An advance directive describing which medical treatments a person wants or does not want if unable to communicate.

Durable power of attorney for health care

A document naming someone to make health-care decisions for a person who cannot make them.

DNR

Abbreviation for Do Not Resuscitate.

DNR order meaning

CPR should not be performed if the person's breathing or heartbeat stops, according to the medical order.

Personal beliefs and DNR

An NA cannot decide whether to follow a DNR based on personal beliefs; the NA must follow the care plan, medical orders, and facility policy.

Legal principle for dying resident care

Respect the resident's rights, choices, dignity, privacy, and advance directives.

Body temperature after death

The body gradually cools.

Muscles after death

They become stiff as rigor mortis develops.

Best general approach for caring for a dying resident

Provide comfort, preserve dignity, listen, respect choices, and report changes to the nurse.