Human Population Chapter Review Flashcards

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to human population dynamics, demographic transition, and their impact on society and the environment.

Demography

The study of human populations, including their size, density, distribution, and changes over time.

Demographic Transition

A model that describes the stages of economic and cultural change that impact birth and death rates in a population.

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

The average number of children a woman is expected to bear during her lifetime.

IPAT Model

A formula representing the impact of human activity on the environment, defined as Impact (I) = Population (P) × Affluence (A) × Technology (T).

Replacement Fertility

The total fertility rate that keeps a population stable, typically estimated at 2.1 children per woman.

Infant Mortality Rate

The frequency of children dying in infancy, which has been lowered significantly through technological advances.

Family Planning

The effort to control the number and spacing of children through various means including contraceptives.

Carrying Capacity

The maximum number of individuals an environment can support sustainably.

Exponential Growth

A rate of growth in which a population increases by a constant percentage over a specific time period.

Pre-Industrial Stage

The initial stage of demographic transition marked by high birth and death rates.

Post-Industrial Stage

The final stage of demographic transition characterized by low birth and death rates, resulting in population stabilization or decline.

Transitional Stage

The stage of demographic transition where death rates decline while birth rates remain high.

Industrial Stage

The stage in demographic transition where employment increases outside the home, leading to lower birth rates.

Population Density

The number of individuals living per unit area.

Life Expectancy

The average number of years that an individual in a particular age group is expected to live.

Reproductive Window

The period in a woman's life from sexual maturity to menopause during which she can conceive.