Grammar Elements

를

Object marker (declares what is receiving the action) vowel ending

을

Object marker (declares what is receiving the action) consonant ending

는

Topic marker (Declares the main topic or contrast of the sentence) vowel ending

은

Topic marker (Declares the main topic or contrast of the sentence) consonant ending

가

Subject identifier (Pinpoints exactly who or what does the action) vowel ending

이

Subject identifier (Pinpoints exactly who or what does the action) consonant ending

나

Either / Or Choice Particles vowel ending

이나

Either / Or Choice Particles consonant ending

의

Of / ‘s Possessive particle

님

High-Respect Honorific Title Attached to professions or positions to show maximum formal courtesy.

씨

Mr. / Ms. Attached to a full name or first name to address a peer politely.

아

Informal particle when addressing someone younger or close, attached to word ending in a consonant

야

Informal particle when addressing someone younger or close, attached to ending in vowel

저

I / Me (base form) The raw, humble pronoun before particles are attached.

저는

I (Subject / Topic) Use this when introducing yourself or stating what you are doing.

제가

I (Active Identifier) Use this to emphasize that you specifically are the one performing an action.

제

My (Possessive Form) Use it right before a noun from your inventory to show ownership.

저도

I, too / Me, also

나

I / Me (Casual Slang Form) The informal, casual pronoun used exclusively in 반말 (ban-mal / casual speech).

너

You (Casual Slang Form) A second-person singular pronoun.

우리

We / Us / Our (Base Form) The standard first-person plural pronoun. Korean speakers use this constantly instead of "my" when talking about shared things (e.g., "our school," "our country").

우리는

We (Subject / Topic Form) Use this when stating what you and your group are doing as the main topic of the sentence.

그

He / That Person A third-person masculine singular pronoun.

그들

They

누구

Who / Whom The base question pronoun used to ask about someone's identity.

누가

Who (Active Identifier Form) Use this specific form when "who" is the active person performing the verb in the sentence.

뭐

What An interrogative pronoun.

어디

Where An interrogative pronoun used for location tracking. It frequently pairs with your location postpositions like 에 (to/at) or 에서 (from).

어느

Which (Which specific one out of choices) Replaces standard labels to ask for a choice among a limited set of options. *Cannot stand alone. It must sit directly in front of a noun to modify it

무슨

What, what kind of (Unknown source or type) Sits before a noun when you do not know the type or nature of the object.

어떻게

How / in what manner (interrogative adverb)

왜

Why

첫

First a determiner, behaves like a permanent prefix sticker. It cannot stand alone in a sentence. Instead, it must sit directly in front of a noun to change its meaning to "the very first" of something

에

At / to / in Marks a static location where something exists, or a direction you are moving toward.

에서

At / in / from Marks the location where an active action or verb is happening, or marks where you started from.

앞에

In front of

옆에

Next to, beside

뒤에

Behind, in back of

쯤

About, around, approximately

뒤쪽

The back side, the rear direction, toward the back 👈🏻

로

Toward / by means of Tells the listener which general direction you are heading, or what tool/transportation you are using (vowel)

으로

Toward / by means of Tells the listener which general direction you are heading, or what tool/transportation you are using (consonant)

부터

From (time or order) Marks the starting boundary of a time, schedule, or sequence.

보다

Than Attaches to a noun to set it up as the comparison line.

까지

To / all the way to/ until Replaces generic pointers to declare your absolute final destination or geographical stopping limit.

도

Too / also / as well Snaps onto any noun to show inclusion. It completely overrides standard tracking markers like 이/가 or 은/는.

께

To or toward when talking to someone esteemed (e.g., to God, to the teacher, or to the boss)

에게

To or toward when talking to a peer, a younger sibling, or a close friend

와

And / with Highly polite particles used to link nouns (vowel)

과

And / with Highly polite particles used to link nouns (consonant)

랑

And / with (casual) Highly conversational connector (vowel)

이랑

And / with (casual) Highly conversational connector (consonant)

중에

Among

중에서

Out of

하고

And / with Your primary tool for everyday spoken lists or showing who you perform an action with.

나중에

At a later time / Afterwards / Do it later Adverbial phrase

한테

To someone attaches directly to the back of a person (or animal) to show who is receiving an action

한테서

From someone a starting point for human interaction ("from a person")

서 / 아서 / 어서

And then / so / because Connects two actions chronologically ("I did X and then Y") or shows a cause-and-effect reason.

러

In order to Attaches to the stem of a verb to show the purpose of moving somewhere (vowel)

으러

In order to Attaches to the stem of a verb to show the purpose of moving somewhere (consonant)