Substance Abuse (PSY 394) Lecture Notes — Flashcards

Flashcards covering substance abuse statistics, DSM-5-TR classifications, criteria, and pharmacology concepts from the lecture notes.

What does SAMHSA stand for (as used in the 2020 statistics)?

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.

According to SAMHSA 2020, what percentage of Americans aged 12+ used substances?

81% (138.5 million).

What percentage of Americans aged 12+ use tobacco (SAMHSA 2020)?

16% (51.7 million).

What percentage of Americans aged 12+ use alcohol (SAMHSA 2020)?

50% (138.5 million).

What percentage of Americans aged 12+ are binge drinkers (SAMHSA 2020)?

24.5% (67.1 million).

How many Americans aged 12+ had illicit drug use (SAMHSA 2020)?

53.2 million (19.4%).

How many adults did not get needed treatment (SAMHSA 2020)?

18.9 million.

What percentage of felonies are alcohol-related (SAMHSA 2020)?

73%.

What percentage of Americans use marijuana (SAMHSA 2020)?

10%.

According to NSDUH, what percentage of the U.S. population has a diagnosis of Substance Abuse?

20.3%.

What does DSM-5-TR stand for?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (American Psychiatric Association).

How many classes of substance-related disorders are in DSM-5-TR?

10 classes.

Are all 10 DSM-5-TR classes fully distinct from one another?

No; they are not fully distinct.

Do all drugs of addiction involve a brain reward system?

Yes.

Is gambling disorder included in the DSM-5-TR as a substance-related disorder?

Yes.

Are behavioral addictions like sex, exercise, or shopping included in DSM-5-TR substance-related disorders?

No—the evidence is insufficient for inclusion.

What are the two groups of DSM-5-TR substance-related disorders?

Substance Use Disorders and Substance-Induced Disorders.

What is the essential feature of a Substance Use Disorder?

A cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms indicating continued use despite significant problems (caffeine excluded).

What underlying brain change is associated with Substance Use Disorders?

Underlying changes in brain circuits that may persist beyond detoxification, leading to relapses and cravings.

What are the four criterion groupings for Substance Use Disorders?

Impaired control, Social impairment, Risky use, and Pharmacological criteria.

What is Criterion 1 under Impaired Control in DSM-5-TR Substance Use Disorders?

Taking the substance in larger amounts over a longer period than originally intended.

What is Criterion 2 under Impaired Control?

Persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or regulate substance use.

What is Criterion 3 under Impaired Control?

Spending a great deal of time obtaining, using, or recovering from the substance.

What is Criterion 4 under Impaired Control?

Craving, an intense desire or urge for the substance.

What does Criterion 5 under Social Impairment involve?

Recurrent substance use leading to failure to fulfill major role obligations.

What does Criterion 6 under Social Impairment involve?

Continued use despite social or interpersonal problems caused by the substance.

What does Criterion 7 under Social Impairment involve?

Giving up important social, occupational, or recreational activities due to substance use.

What does Criterion 8 under Risky Use involve?

Recurrent use in physically hazardous situations.

What does Criterion 9 under Risky Use involve?

Continued use despite knowledge of persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problems likely caused by the substance.

What do Criteria 10 and 11 under Pharmacological criteria represent?

Tolerance (10) and Withdrawal (11).

How is Tolerance defined in DSM-5-TR criteria for Substance Use Disorder?

Need for markedly increased dose to achieve the same effect or a markedly reduced effect with the usual dose.

What is Withdrawal in DSM-5-TR Substance Use Disorders?

A syndrome that occurs when cessation or reduction of heavy, prolonged use leads to physiological and cognitive changes, prompting use to relieve symptoms.

Are tolerance and withdrawal during appropriate medical treatment counted toward a Substance Use Disorder diagnosis?

No—unless prescribed medications are used inappropriately, then a diagnosis can be considered.

What are the intoxication criteria (DSM-5-TR) for Substance-Induced Disorders?

A: Reversible substance-specific syndrome due to recent ingestion; B: Clinically significant behavioral/psychological changes attributable to CNS effects; C: Distress or impairment; D: Not attributable to another medical condition.

What is the essential feature of Substance Intoxication?

Reversible, substance-specific syndrome due to recent ingestion.

What are the withdrawal criteria for Substance-Induced Disorders?

A: Substance withdrawal syndrome; B: Specific symptoms; C: Distress or impairment; D: Not attributable to another medical condition.

What is the DSM-5-TR name for the edition that includes the Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders sections?

DSM-5-TR, Fifth Edition, Text Revision.