anatomy terminology

anatomical posisition

* tubuh berdiri tegak dan lurus (body is standing erect or upright)


* Mata & wajah lurus kedepan
* Ekstrimitas superior atau tungkai atas posisi releks,jatuh ke bawah, tdk ada menekuk, tdk rapat, tdk terlalu jauh
* Telapak tangan menghadap ke depan *kunci posisi anatomi* (palms are directly anterior or to the front and not rotated)
* Jempol kaki hrs lurus depan dan posisi kaki terbuka sebahu

bidang yg membagi tubuh

ada 4 (median palane, sagittal plane, frontal/coronal plane, transverse plane)

median plane

membagi tubuh tepat ditengah tengah, membagi dixtra & sinistra sama rata, dividing into right and left halves

sagittal plane

sejajar/ pararellel to median plane.

frontal/coronal planes

divides into front (anterior) & back (posterior). pada radiology dilihat dari anterior

transverse / axial (in radiology) / horizontal plane

divides body into upper (superior) & lower (inferior). klo di anatomi dilihat dari superior, klo radiology dari inferior

sections view of depth

ada 3 (longitudunal, transverse, oblique)

longitudinal section

cut along longitudinal axis (going from head to tail)

transverse section/ cross section

perpendicular/ tegak lurus to longitudinal axis

oblique section

diagonal cut/ motongnya miring

superior

posisisnya mendekati kepala/ cranial, upper

inferior

posisinya mendekati caudal/ekor/kaki, lower

medial

posisinya mendekati garis tengah/ median

lateral

posisisnya menjauhi garis tengah

anterior/ventral

front/ mendekati arah depan

posterior/ dorsal

back/ mendekati arah punggung

Distal & proxsimal

istilah ini biasanya berada pada organ berongga/ pd ekstrimitas

proximal

mendekati pangkal

distal

menjauhi pangkal

palmar

anterior hand/ telapak tangan

dorsum dari manus/tangan

posterior hand/ punggung tangan

plantar pedis

anterior pedis/ telapak kaki

dorsum dari pedis/kaki

posterior pedis/ punggung kaki

lapisan

ada tiga (superficial, intermediate, profundus)

superficial

mendekati permukaan

intermediate

di antara superficial & profundus

profundus

paling dalam/ lebih dalam dari lapisan lain

$uni$lateral

one side only

$bila$teral

both side/punya pasangan

ipsilateral

same side, ex: kaki kanan & tangan kanan

$contra$lateral

opposite side, ex: kaki kiri & tangan kanan

gliding movement

antar tulang yg bergesekan

flextion

bending (pembekokan) movement that decreases the angle of joint (sudut sendi), pergerakan yg membuat sudut sendi mengecil

extension

reverse (mundur/kembali) of flexion; joint angle is increased, sudut sendi membesar

dorflexion (khusus pedis)

movement of toes towards leg, telapak kaki ke atas

plantar flexion (khusus pedis)

toes move toward ground, kyk kaki balet

abduction

movement away from midline. menjauhi median

$add$uction

movement toward the median. medekati median

circumduction

gerakan memutar

supination

palm faces anteriorly

pronation

palm faces posteriorly

eversion

the sole away from median plane

inversion

the sole towards/ ke arah median plane

elevation

movement of a body part superiorly

depression

movement of a body part inferiorly

opposition

thumb moves medially to touch one of other 4 fingers

reposition

reposition it/ back to anatomical position

protraction

move sholders forward & scapulae move anterolaterally

retraction

sholders backward & scapulae move posteromedially

protrusion

anterior movement of a body part

retrusion

posterior mevement of a body part

The body divided into 2 postions

axial position & appendicular

Axial portion

* Head: kepala
* Neck: Leher
* trunk: Badan

Appendicular

* Arms (tungkai atas)
* Legs (tungkai bawah)

pada axial terdapat 2 cavity

1. dorsal cavity (belakang)
* cranial cavity
* vetebral canal
2. ventral cavity (depan)
* thoracic cavity (rongga dada)
* abdominopelvic cavity
* abdominal cavity
* pelvic cavity

cranial cavity

rumahnya brain/otak

vetebral canal

rumahnya spinal cord

isi dari thoracic cavity

lungs, mediastinum (jantung & pembuluh darah), thymus, heart, esophagus, trachea

apa yg memisahkan thoracic dari abdominopelvic cavities

diaphgram muscle

isi dari abdominal cavity

stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, small intestine, large intestine

isi dari pelvic cavity

urinary bladder & internal reproductive organs

membran terbagi menjadi 2

1. covers vital/ membungkus organ = visceral membrane
2. lines a body cavity/ tdk membungkus organ = parietal membrane

space antara viceral & parietal

serous fluid

membran yg membungkus lungs

viceral pluera

membran yg tdk membungkus lungs

parietal pluera

membran yg membungkus jantung/ heart

viceral pericardium

membran yg tdk membungkus jantung

parietal pericardium

membran yg membungkus liver, stomach, dll (di abdominal organ)

viceral peritoneum

membran yg tdk membungkus liver, stomach, dll (organ di abdominal)

parietal peritoneum

Bidang yg membagi tubuh

dibagi dgn regio (Ada 9) dan quadran (ada 4)

regio anatomy (9)

1. right hypochondriac reion
2. epigastric region
3. left hypochondriac region
4. right lumbar region
5. umbilical region
6. left lumbar region
7. right iliac region
8. hypogastric region
9. left iliac region

quadran anatomy

1. right upper quadrant (RUQ)
2. left upper quadrant (LUQ)
3. right lower quadrant (RLQ)
4. left lower quadrant (LLQ)

otic

ear

nasal

nose

oral

mouth

cervical

neck/leher

cephalic

head

frontal

forehead/jidat

orbital

eye cavity

buccal

cheek/pipi

mental

chin/dagu

sternal

dada

acromial

point of shoulder

axillary

armpit/ ketiak

mammary

breast/ puting?

pectoral

chest

brachial

arm

antecubital

front of elbow/sisi sebaliknya dari siku

abdominal

abdomen

umbilical

navel/pusar

inguinal

ujung paha/groin

coxal

hip/pinggul

antebrachial

forearm

carpal

wrist/pergelangan tangan

palmar

palm/telapak tangan

digital

finger

genital

reproductive organs

paterllar

knee

crural

leg

tarsal

instep/pergelangan kaki