Clinical Fundamentals Laboratory and Clinical Diagnostics

Flashcards covering medical definitions, diagnostic procedures, and patient screening guidelines based on the lecture transcript.

Cryptorchidism

Undescended testicle

Hemorrhoid

Dilated vein in the mucosa of the folds of the anal canal or lower portion of the rectum

Alzheimer’s disease

A type of dementia that causes problems with memory, thinking, and behavior; it is noted as the most common form of dementia

Ectopic

Refers to an abnormal location

Diarrhea

Condition of repeated passage of unformed wastes

Polypharmacy

Taking $5$ or more medications at a time

Hernia

Protrusion of an internal organ through a natural opening in the body wall

Vasectomy

Surgical procedure to prohibit the ejaculation of sperm and effect sterilization of the male

Perceptual reasoning

The skill to think and reason using pictorial information

Colposcopy

Examination and biopsy of the cervix done to rule out cancer when there are abnormal Pap smear results

Polyp

Mass of tissue that results from an overgrowth of upper epithelial cells of the mucosal membrane of the GI tract

Dementia

Progressive condition causing memory impairment and other cognitive deficits

Fibroid

Common benign, smooth tumor formed of muscle cells

Ageism

Stereotyping and holding prejudices against someone due to their age

PID (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease)

Any acute or chronic infection of the reproductive tract

Hepatitis

An inflammation and infection of the liver

Herpes zoster

Commonly known as shingles

Normal pregnancy range

$37\text{-}41$ weeks

Multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis

Usually first diagnosed between the ages of $20$ and $40$

Rosacea

A condition that affects the face

Herpes simplex I

Most often associated with lesions in the oral and nasal areas

Flexible sigmoidoscopy

Diagnostic examination used for ulcerations, polyps, tumors, bleeding, and cancer of the colon

Growth graphs

Aid in diagnosis of growth abnormalities, nutritional disorders, and diseases from birth to age $20$

Syphilis treatment

Penicillin is the treatment of choice

Incontinence

Term used to describe being unable to control the bladder or bowel

Iron level screening

Checked via a complete blood count during a patient’s first prenatal visit to screen for infection and levels

Diverticulosis

Bulging pouches in the wall of the GI tract where the lining has pushed into the surrounding muscle

Papanicolaou (Pap) technique

A cytologic screening test that detects cancer

Head circumference measurement

Measurement taken in children that should be read to the nearest $\frac{1}{4}$ inch

Eczema

Skin condition characterized by scaly skin

Encephalitis

A condition that causes nerve cell destruction

Parkinson’s disease symptoms

Main symptoms include muscle rigidity and tremor of the hand

Cataracts

The opacity of the lens of the eye resulting in blindness

Breast self-examination frequency

Should be performed each month, following the menstrual period

Mammography recommendation

Routine scheduling for female patients over the age of $40$

Colonoscopy recommendation (ACS)

Recommended every $10$ years beginning at the age of $45$