Unit 3 part 1

bony thorax, respiratory system, mediastinum

What are the 3 divisions of chest anatomy?

Bony thorax

what is the division of chest anatomy that is the protective framework?

Respiratory system

what is the division of chest anatomy that contains the lungs and airways?

Mediastinum

what is the division of chest anatomy that is the space between the lungs?

Bony thorax

-Sternum (breastbone)

-Clavicles (collarbones)

-Scapulae (shoulder blades)

-12 pairs of ribs

-12 thoracic vertebrae

manubrium

upper portion of the sternum

body

middle portion of the sternum

Xiphoid process

lower, narrow portion of the sternum

True

True or False: The Bony Thorax provides protection for the thoracic viscera

Respiratory System

Division of Chest anatomy who's purpose is to move air into & out of lungs(breathing)

Oxygen (O2) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

The respiratory system exchanges gaseous substances between air and blood; what are the two gases?

pharynx/larynx and trachea

the two most superior divisions of the respiratory system

Bronchi and lungs

the two most inferior divisions of the respiratory system

Diaphragm

primary muscle of inspiration

Pharynx (upper airway)

Passageway for air located posterior to the nose, nasal cavities, & mouth - just anterior to the cervical spine

3

how many divisions in the Pharynx

Pharynx

What extends downward to the larynx before connecting to the trachea & esophagus

Nasopharynx

uppermost portion of the pharynx; located behind nasal cavities

False

True or False: The nasopharynx is a passageway for food and water

Swallowing

soft palate elevates to block food or saliva from going up into the nasopharynx

uvula

part of soft palate hanging down in the back of your throat; boundary between nasopharynx & oropharnyx

adenoid tonsils

Masses of lymphatic tissue forming a protective ring around the nose and upper throat(in the nasopharynx)

Eustachian tubes

narrow tubes that lead from the middle ear to the nasopharynx

oropharynx

Mid potion of the pharynx

-located directly behind the mouth

False

True or False: The oropharynx is a passageway for both air & food/liquid (at the same time)

palatine tonsils

what lymphatic tissues are in the oropharynx

laryngopharynx

Lower portion of the pharynx

-located above & superior to larynx

-passageway for both air & food/liquid(not at the same time)

True

The laryngopharynx opens anteriorly to larynx/trachea - breathing

Larynx (Voice Box)

Cartilaginous structure located on anterior neck suspended from hyoid bone - upper margin @C3 & lower margin @ C6

Adam's Apple

thyroid cartilage

cricoid cartilage

A firm ridge of cartilage that forms the lower part of the larynx.

-inferior to the thyroid cartilage

Vocal cords

2 strong bands of tissue stretched between thyroid & cricoid cartilages

glottis

The opening between the cords is called the _______

Epiglottis

uppermost cartilage that flips down & covers the laryngeal opening & trachea to prevent aspiration of food/liquid

Larynx

What part of the respiratory system is shown?

Trachea

Extends down from larynx to primary bronchi just anterior to the esophagus

Trachea (windpipe)

Fibrous muscular tube held open by approximately 20 C-shaped pieces of cartilage

Thyroid, parathyroids, and thymus

What are the 3 endocrine glands lining the Trachea?

thyroid

produces and secretes hormones that regulate growth, metabolism, and appetite

parathyroid glands

store & secretes hormones; helps to maintain blood calcium levels

thymus

helps body produce antibodies & aids in immunity

AP Upper Airway X-ray

What X-ray is shown

Lateral Airway X-ray

What X-ray is shown? (more common than AP in upper airway x-ray imaging)

Bronchi (Bronchial Tree)

-2 Primary (“main stem”) bronchi (R & L)

-5 secondary bronchi

Carina

ridge of lowest tracheal cartilage where the trachea divides into R & L primary bronchi

3

how many secondary bronchi are there for the right lung?

2

How many secondary bronchi for the Left lung?

True

True or False: Both primary and secondary bronchi have cartilage similar to the trachea to keep them open

Bronchioles

Secondary bronchi subdivide into smaller ___________ that spread through each lobe of the lungs

Alveoli

Bronchioles terminate in very small air sacs called _______

Alveoli

What are surrounded by a capillary network of blood vessels - oxygen & carbon dioxide exchanged through diffusion between air sacs & capillaries

False

True or False: Bronchioles have cartilage like primary & secondary bronchi

Lungs

Located on either side of the heart in the thoracic cavity and protected all around by the rib cage

Parenchyma

spongy, elastic tissue

-lungs are composed of this tissue

pleura

Each lung is contained in a double-walled membrane sac called the ______.

Right lung

Which lung is 1'' shorter due to liver and composed of 3 lobes (superior, middle, inferior)

fissures

Lobes are separated by _________

True

True or False: Superior lobes larger than the other lobes; left superior lobe is the largest

Parietal Pleura

Outer layer of pleural sac that lines the inner chest wall & diaphragm

Visceral (pulmonary) pleura

Inner layer of pleural sac that lines the lung surface & into the fissures

Pleural cavity (space)

between parietal & visceral pleura; contains lubricating fluid that allows for movement during breathing

Trachea (windpipe)

Label: A

Apices

Label: B

Carina

Label: C

Bases

Label: D

R & L hemidiaphragm

Label: E

Costophrenic Angle

Label: F

Hilum

Label: G

Apices

rounded upper area of lung above clavicles

Bases

lower concave area of lung resting on diaphragm

Costophrenic Angle

lower corner of each lung where diaphragm meets ribs

Hilum

central lung area where bronchi, blood & lymph vessels, & nerves enter/leave each lung

Apex

Label: A

Upper lobe of lung

Label: B

_____ ____ __ ____

Hilum

Label: C

Lower lobe of lung

Label: D

_____ ____ __ ____

Base of the lung

Label: E

____ __ ___ ____

R & L hemidiaphragm

Label: F

_ & _ _____________

Mediastinum

Medial portion of thoracic cavity between lungs; has four structures

True

True or False: The trachea and Esophagus are two of the four structures in the mediastinum

Thymus gland

This gland is one of the four structures in the mediastinum

-large in infancy up to puberty

heart and great vessels

The trachea, esophagus, thymus gland, and lastly the _____ ___ _____ _______ are the four structures of the mediastinum

ascending, arch, descending

the aorta is is divided into three, what are they?

Superior Vena Cava (SVC)

receives blood from the head and arms and chest and empties into the right atrium of the heart

Inferior Vena Cava (IVC)

largest vein in the human body, returns blood from portions of the body below the heart

pulmonary arteries

the vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs

pulmonary veins

carry the oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium of the heart

Pneumothorax

air or gas pressure in the pleural cavity resulting in a collapsed lung

Pleural Effusion

accumulation of excess fluid in the pleural cavity

hemothorax

blood in the pleural cavity

pleurisy

an inflammation of the pleura that produces sharp chest pain with each breath

pleural effusion

Which common lung pathology is shown?

landscape(crosswise)

the IR is placed _________ on a hypersthenic body habitus

False

PA Chest is only done portrait (lengthwise) on a sthenic body habitus

Portrait (lengthwise)

PA Chest is done __________ on both hyposthenic and asthenic body habitus - long lungs

4

How many divisions in the respiratory system? (Know each of them)