CHAPTER 8 -- world war I

Causes of WWI – M.A.N.I.A:

M.A.N.I.A. stands for militarism, alliances, nationalism, imperialism, and assassination, which together caused World War I.

Reasons for U.S. Entering WWI:

The U.S. entered WWI due to German submarine attacks, the Zimmermann Telegram, and to protect trade and democracy.

Wilson’s Fourteen Points:

Wilson’s Fourteen Points were a plan for peace that promoted self-determination and a League of Nations.

Lusitania:

The Lusitania was a British ship sunk by Germany that killed Americans and increased U.S. anger.

Selective Service Act:

The Selective Service Act created the military draft during World War I.

War Industries Board:

The War Industries Board controlled industrial production to support the war effort.

Bernard Baruch:

Bernard Baruch led the War Industries Board during World War I.

Committee on Public Information:

The Committee on Public Information used propaganda to build public support for the war.

George Creel:

George Creel led the Committee on Public Information.

Food Administration:

The Food Administration encouraged Americans to conserve food during WWI.

Herbert Hoover:

Herbert Hoover led the Food Administration during World War I.

Espionage and Sedition Acts:

The Espionage and Sedition Acts limited free speech during WWI.

League of Nations:

The League of Nations was an international organization meant to prevent future wars.

African Americans in WWI:

African Americans served in segregated units and sought new opportunities during WWI.

John J. Pershing:

John J. Pershing commanded the American Expeditionary Force in WWI.

Henry Cabot Lodge:

Henry Cabot Lodge opposed the League of Nations in the Senate.

Isolationists:

Isolationists wanted the United States to avoid foreign conflicts.

American Expeditionary Force (AEF):

The AEF was the U.S. military force sent to fight in Europe.

Schenck v. United States:

Schenck v. United States upheld limits on free speech during wartime.

Article X:

Article X required League of Nations members to defend one another.

Great Migration:

The Great Migration was the movement of African Americans from the South to the North for jobs.

Charles Evans Hughes:

Charles Evans Hughes was the Republican candidate who lost the 1916 election.

Warren G. Harding:

Warren G. Harding promised a “Return to Normalcy” after WWI.

Return to Normalcy:

Return to Normalcy meant a return to peace, stability, and isolationism.

Self-determination:

Self-determination is the idea that nations should govern themselves.

Bolsheviks:

The Bolsheviks were Russian communists who took Russia out of WWI.

Doughboys:

Doughboys were American soldiers in World War I.

Big Four:

The Big Four were the leaders of the U.S., Britain, France, and Italy at the peace conference.

Irreconcilables:

The Irreconcilables were senators who completely opposed the Treaty of Versailles.

Treaty of Versailles:

The Treaty of Versailles officially ended WWI and punished Germany.