Unit 4 - Inheritance and Variation of Traits Flashcards

Flashcards covering key concepts from a unit on inheritance and variation of traits, including meiosis, chromosomes, and genetic diversity.

Genes are related to __ which are structures within cells that contain an organism's hereditary information.

chromosomes

cells contain one set of chromosomes, while cells contain two sets of chromosomes.

Haploid, diploid

__ is a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes.

Meiosis

mutations and abnormalities can lead to genetic variation and/or diseases.

Gene, chromosome

__ is the failure of one or more pairs of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate normally during nuclear division, usually resulting in an abnormal distribution of chromosomes in the daughter nuclei.

Nondisjunction

A chromosome consists of two connected by a .

sister chromatids, centromere

__ is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes that results in recombinant chromosomes during Prophase I.

Crossing over

Meiosis results in gamete cells which are used for .

four, fertilization

chromosomes are non-sex chromosomes, while chromosomes determine sex.

Autosomal, sex

__ is the type of error that results in conditions like Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome).

Nondisjunction

and increase genetic diversity.

Crossing Over, Independent Assortment

During __ homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material, creating new combinations of genes.

crossing over

During __ , homologous chromosome pairs align randomly along the metaphase plate which increases the number of possible chromosome combinations.

independent assortment