Module 16: Prepositions (Giới từ)

Flashcards covering the definition, positions, types (time, place, movement, manner), and common grammatical structures of English prepositions based on the lecture notes.

Prepositions

Words or phrases typically used with nouns, adjectives, or pronouns to indicate the relationship between these words and other components in a sentence.

Position of Prepositions: Before Nouns

Prepositions are often placed before nouns, for example, "at the cinema" or "in 2000."

Position of Prepositions: After Verbs

Prepositions can follow verbs immediately or have other words intervening, such as in "arrived at the airport" or "turn the radio down."

Position of Prepositions: After Adjectives

Prepositions often follow adjectives to complete a thought, such as "rich in natural resources" or "friendly with me."

ON (Time)

Used for days of the week, specific dates, and idiomatic phrases like "on holiday," "on business," "on duty," and "on time."

IN (Time)

Used for months, years, seasons, parts of the day (morning, afternoon, evening), and phrases like "in the future" or "in good time for."

AT (Time)

Used for specific clock times (at 7 o'clock), holidays (at Christmas), weekends, and specific periods like "at night," "at noon," or "at the moment."

SINCE

Used to indicate a specific point in time starting from the past and continuing to the present.

FOR (Time)

Used to describe a specific duration of time from the past to the present.

BEFORE / AFTER (Time)

Used to indicate occurrences preceding or following a specific time point.

FROM… TO…

Used to show the start and end points of a time period or a physical journey.

TILL / UNTIL

Used to indicate the point in time when an action or situation stops.

BY (Time)

Used to mean "not later than" or "up to" a certain time.

DURING

Used to indicate that something happens throughout the course of a specific event or period.

IN (Place)

Used for areas, spaces, cities (Hanoi), countries (Vietnam), or directions (in the west), as well as phrases like "in front of" and "in the middle of."

AT (Place)

Used for specific points or locations (at the airport, at the bus stop) and specific positions like "at the top of" or "at the center of."

ON (Place)

Used for surfaces (on the table), levels of a building (on the second floor), or relative directions (on the left/right).

BY / NEXT TO / BESIDE

Prepositions meaning near or at the side of something.

UNDER / BELOW

Terms used to indicate a lower position; "under" suggests directly beneath while "below" means lower than but not necessarily directly under.

OVER / ABOVE

Terms used to indicate a higher position; "over" can imply covering or more than a number, while "above" means higher than a specific point.

AMONG vs. BETWEEN

"Among" is used for positions in the middle of more than two people/things; "between" is used for positions in the middle of exactly two people/things.

ACROSS

To move from one side to the other, or to be on the opposite side.

INTO

To indicate movement entering the inside of a building, room, or area.

TOWARDS

To move in the direction of something.

THROUGH

To move from one end or side to the other of an enclosed space or a forest.

ACCORDING TO

Based on what has been said or reported by a source.

IN SPITE OF

A prepositional phrase meaning despite or regardless of a specific circumstance.

To be serious about

To be sincere and not joking regarding a particular matter.

To be good/clever at

To have skill or expertise in a particular activity or subject.

To be famous/well-known for

To be recognized by many people because of a specific quality or achievement.

To be responsible for

To have the job or duty of dealing with or taking care of something.

To apologize for

To say that one is sorry for something that has happened or something done.

To prevent/protect from

To stop something from happening or to keep someone/something safe from harm.

To be interested in

To want to give your attention to something or learn more about it.

To be proud of

To feel deep satisfaction or pleasure as a result of one's own achievements or those of someone with whom one is closely associated.

To be dependent on

To rely on someone or something for support or survival.