Intro to Gross Anatomy - Abdominal Cavity & Abdominal Viscera

subcostal, transtubercular, and transumbilical

what are the 3 horizontal planes of the abdomen?

midclavicular and midsagittal plane

what are the 2 vertical planes of the abdomen?

transumbilical and median

what 2 planes make the 4 quadrants of the body?

right and left hypochondriac, right and left lumbar, right and left iliac, epigastric, umbilical, and hypogastric regions

what are the 9 abdominal regions?

greater omentum

what is considered the policeman of the abdomen?

liver (left lobe), spleen, stomach, jejunum, proximal ileum, pancreas, left colic flexure, left half of transverse colon, superior part of descending colon

what abdominal viscera are located in the left upper quadrant?

liver (right lobe), gall bladder, stomach (pylorus), duodenum, pancreas (head), right colic flexure, ascending colon (superior part), transverse colon (right half)

what abdominal viscera are located in the right upper quadrant?

cecum, vermiform appendix, ascending colon (inferior part), spermatic cord

what abdominal viscera are located in the right lower quadrant?

sigmoid colon, descending colon (inferior part), spermatic cord

what abdominal viscera are located in the left lower quadrant?

esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines

what viscera are part of the digestive tract?

pancreas, liver, biliary ducts, and gall bladder

what viscera are part of the digestive glands?

pharynx to stomach

what makes the superior and inferior borders of the esophagus?

T10

what is the typical landmark for esophageal hiatus?

cardiac region, fundus, body, and pyloric part

what are the 4 parts of the stomach?

longitudinal (outer), circular (middle), and oblique (inner) layer

what are the three layers of muscle within the stomach?

smooth muscle

what type of muscle is the 3 muscles layers within the stomach?

pyloric orifice to the ileocecal junction

what makes the beginning and end of the small intenstine?

20-25 feet

about how long is the small intestine?

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

what are the 3 parts of the small intestine?

retroperitoneal

what is the location of the duodenum in regards to the peritoneum?

jejunum has thicker walls

what is the difference in the walls of the jejunum vs ilium?

there are more in the jejunum vs ileum

what is the difference is plicae circulares (inner folds) of the jejunum vs ileum?

the vasa recta are long in the jejunum but short in the ileum

what is the difference in vasa recta of the jejunum vs the ileum?

the jejunum has less prominent ones and the ileum has more complex ones

what is the difference in the arterial arcades of the jejunum vs the ileum?

about 5 feet

about how long is the large intestine?

ileum to the anus

what is the beginning and end of the large intestine?

cecum, appendix, and colon

what are the 3 parts of the large intestine?

4

how many parts of the colon are there?

ascending (retroperitoneal)

transverse (intraperitoneal)

descending (retroperitoneal)

sigmoid (intraperitoneal)

what are the different parts of the colon and there location in the body?

taenia coli

what are the 3 longitudinal bands muscles of the large intestine?

sacculations of the large intestines

what are haustra?

Retroperitoneal

where is the pancreas located in the abdomen?

make pancreatic juice in the pancreatic duct

what is the pancreas' exocrine function?

release glucagon and insulin

what is the pancreas' endocrine function

liver

what is the largest gland in the body?

diaphragmatic and visceral surface

what are the two surfaces of the liver?

left and right coronary ligaments, falciform ligament, ligamentum teres, and left and right lobe

what structures are on the diaphragmatic surface of the liver?

gallbladder, inferior vena cava, ligamentum teres, ligamentum venosum, porta hepatis, caudate lobe, and quadrate lobe

what is located on the visceral surface of the liver?

portal vein, hepatic artery, hepatic ducts

what structures make the porta hepatis?

common hepatic duct

the left and right hepatic duct come together to form the?

common bile duct

the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct come together to form the?

splenic and superior mesenteric

what two veins form the portal vein?

inferior mesenteric vein

this vein joins the splenic vein?

kidneys, adrenal glands, some large intestine

what viscera do not drain into the portal vein?

retroperitoneal

where are the kidneys located in the abdomen?

kidneys, pancreas, ureters, inferior vena cava, the duodenum (except the first segment), and ascending and descending colon

what are all structures located retroperitoneal?

no the right is lower than the left due to the liver

is the location of the two kidneys the same and why?

renal cortex

what is the outer layer of the kidneys?

renal medulla

what is the inner layer of the kidneys?

renal pelvis, renal artery and vein

what structures lie within the renal hilum?

celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery

what are the 3 unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta?

renal and gonadal arteries

what are the two paired branches of the abdominal aorta?

esophagus, stomach, liver, gall bladder, spleen, part of duodenum and pancreas

what does the celiac trunk supply?

part of the duodenum and pancreas, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon and initial 2/3 of transverse colon

what does the superior mesenteric artery supply?

remaining transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum

what does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?

common hepatic artery, left gastric artery, and splenic artery

what are the 3 main branches of the celiac artery?