APHUG unit 2 mod 15-17

spatial mobility

all forms of geographical movement - including people’s everyday commuting and travels

social mobility

mobility that implies a chance in social hierarchy

migration

long-term or permanent relocation of individuals, families, or entire communities from one place to another

non-migrant (stayer)

people who do not move

migrant (mover)

person who migrates or moves

emigration

act of a person leaving their place (country) of origin

immigration

act of a migrant arriving at their destination country

migration stream

flow of all migrants from an origin to a destination

counter stream

flow of all migrants in the direction opposite a particular migrant stream - from it’s destination back to the origin

net migration

difference between the number of in-migrants and out-migrants

net migration rate (nmr)

gauge of the impact of migration on population change, determined by dividing a country’s net migration by its real population, then multiplying by 1000

push factors

factors that cause people to be dissatisfied with their present locales and want to move somewhere else

pull factors

attributes of other places that make them appealing to potential migrants

intervening obstacle

complications that potential migrants will need to overcome to reach their destination

intervening opportunity

nearby attractive locale where migrants may decide to settle instead of going to the intended destination farther away

voluntary migration

migration that is done willingly

international migration

when moves are made across national borders

guest worker

person with temporary permission to work in another country

transnational migration

when migrants move back and forth between their home countries and those to which they have migrated

internal/interregional migration

when people move within the borders of a country

great migration

twentieth-century movement of 6 million african americans from the rural southern states to the cities of the midwestern and northeastern states

step migration

migration carried out in a series of stages, usually from nearby to bigger and more distant places

rural to urban migration

when people move from the countryside to cities

chain migration

process by which some people’s migration to a new place leads their family members, friends, and others to move to the same place

return migration

migrants going back, or returning, to their previous place of residence/origin

black belt

ethnic homeland in the US South

seasonal migration

migration based on the time of the year

transhumance

phenomenon where herders and their livestock move seasonally between their summer and winter pastures

mobility transition model

geographer Wilbur Zelinsky’s conclusion that there are regularities in migration as an essential component of a country’s modernization process

circulation

short-term and cyclical movement that occurs repeatedly on a regular basis

forced migration

migration caused by forces out of one’s control - include disasters, social conflicts, or developmental projects

refugees

people who leave their country because of persecution based on race, ethnicity, religion, nationality, or political opinion

internally displaced person (idp)

someone who remains within his or her country’s borders despite being persecuted by their home country

ethnic cleansing

forced removal of one ethnic group by another ethnic group to create an ethnically consistent territory

repatriated

when refuges or displaced persons return to their home country

diaspora

involuntary mass dispersions of a population from its home territory