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exists in various forms such as chemical, electrical, mechanical and heat

energy

a machine that is capable of utilizing the thermal difference between a hot heat source and a cooler to change the heat (thermal energy) into mechanical work.

heat engine

is a form of heat engine that converts the chemical energy of fuel into heat energy.

aircraft engine

fuel is burned outside an engine to produce mechanical energy

external combustion engine

an example of an external combustion engine.

steam engine

is burned in a boiler to heat water and produce steam.

fuel

the fuel used to produce heat is burned inside the engine

internal combustion engine

measures liquid fuel and then converts it into fuel vapor

carburetor

air is composed of approximately __% nitrogen

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Fuel and air drawn into a cylinder when the intake valve opens and the piston travels downward.

intake

The fuel-air mixture is compressed in the cylinder by the upward motion of the piston.

compression

Once compressed, the fuel-air mixture is ignited by a spark.

ignition

The burning gases expand and force the piston downward which in turn, rotates the crankshaft to produce work.

power

The burned gases are scavenged and forced out of a cylinder through the exhaust port as the piston moves upward a second time

exhaust

produces thrust by expelling hot gases generated from propellant it carries.

rocket engine

are discharged out the exhaust port before being compressed and ignited.

reciprocating engines

Consists of four strokes (intake, compression, power and Exhaust. one complete cycle is equal to 2 revolutions on the crankshaft

four stroke cycle

Begins with the piston at the Top Dead Center (TDC) and the intake valve open

intake stroke

Happens after the intake stroke, where the piston is in the Bottom Dead Center (BDC).

compression stroke

The piston is pushed down by the rapidly expanding gases from the compression stroke.

power stroke

Piston travels upward after the power stroke.

exhaust stroke

When the intake and exhaust valves begin to open and close during the four-stroke cycle

valve timing

Number of crankshaft degrees that the intake valve opens before the piston reaches TDC.

valve lead

Number of degrees the exhaust valve remains open past TDC

valve lag

Combination of valve lead and valve lag. Represents the number of degrees that both the intake and exhaust valves are unseated.

valve overlap

Process of clearing exhaust gases from the cylinder.

scavenging

The sequence in which the ignition event occurs in different cylinders

firing order

Essentially two single-row radial engines that share a common crankshaft

double row radial engine

The cycle only happens in two strokes, meaning one cycle is completed in one crankshaft revolution.

two stroke engine

provided by the fuel/air mixture as it moves through the crankcase

two- stroke engine lubrication