cs&d 201 - quizzes and review

orbicularis oris

closes the mouth and puckers the lips

buccinator

pulls lips against the teeth, compresses lips

risorius

retracts the corners of the mouth

levator labii superioris

elevates the upper lip

levator labii superiors alaeque nasi

elevates the upper lip, dilates nostrils

zygomatic minor

elevates the upper lip

zygomatic major

draws the corners of the mouth upward and lateralward

depressor labii inferioris

draw the lower lip downward and lateralward

mentalis

elevates and wrinkles the chin, pull the lower lip out

depressor anguli oris

depresses the corners of the mouth

levator anguli oris

elevates the corners of the mouth

superior longitudinal

shortens tongue, turns tongue tip up

inferior longitudinal

shortens tongue, turns tongue tip down

transverse muscle

narrows and elongates tongue

vertical muscle

flattens and elongates tongue

the facial muscles are innervated by the __________

facial nerve (cn vii)

the intrinsic tongue muscles are innervated by the __________

hypoglossal nerve (cn xii)

which muscle closes the eye?

orbicularis oculi

the anterior and lateral edges of the oral cavity are formed by the __________. the posterior edge is formed by the __________

teeth; faucial pillars

the groove between the base of the nose and the upper lip is known as the:

philitrum

the type of malocclusion characterized by a protruded maxilla and a retracted mandible is known as a ___________

class ii malocclusion

permanent teeth that replace deciduous teeth are called:

successional teeth

__________ are the teeth responsible for biting off food

incisors

__________ is a mineralized tissue that makes up the solid portion of the tooth under the outer protective layer

dentin

the __________ separates the visible part of the tooth from the part that lies within the alveolus

neck

the __________ surface of the teeth is the surface between the upper and lower teeth

occlusal

the __________ move the tongue around the oral cavity while the __________ provide fine control of tongue shape

extrinsic tongue muscles; intrinsic tongue muscles

the risorius, depressor anguli oris, levator anguli oris, and zygomatic major all insert into the __________

modiolus

muscles that shorten the tongue

superior longitudinal and inferior longitudinal

muscles that deviate the tongue left or right

unilateral contraction of superior longitudinal and inferior longitudinal

muscles that compress the sides of the tongue (narrow the tongue)

transverse

muscles that raise the tongue tip

superior longitudinal

muscles that depress the tongue tip

inferior longitudinal

muscles that create a groove in the tongue

genioglossus and vertical

muscles that protrude the tongue

superior longitudinal, inferior longitudinal, genioglossus (posterior), transverse, and vertical

muscles that produce palato-alveolar or post-alveolar articulation

medial pterygoid, genioglossus, styloglossus, and inferior longitudinal

muscles that produce dental or interdental articulation

medial pterygoid, posterior genioglossus, transverse and vertical muscles, superior longitudinal

muscles that produce velar articulation

medial pterygoid, genioglossus, palatoglossus, and styloglossus

muscles that produce bilabial (closure) articulation

medial pterygoid, orbicularis oris, mentalis, depressor anguli oris

muscles that produce alveolar articulation

medial pterygoid, genioglossus, superior longitudinal

muscles that produce uvular articulation

medial pterygoid, genioglossus, palatoglossus, and styloglossus

muscles that produce retroflex articulation

medial pterygoid and superior longitudinal

muscles that produce glottal articulation

lateral cricoarytenoid, interarytenoids, thyrovocalis

muscles that produce palatal articulation

medial pterygoid, genioglossus, palatoglossus, and styloglossus

muscles that produce labiodental articulation

medial pterygoid, orbicularis oris, risorius

the tongue is unique among the structures of the human body because it is a muscular hydrostat. this means that:

it is incompressible

__________ fricatives are produced with a medial grove in the tongue, leading to a loud, high-pitched sound

sibilant

what is true for stop consonants?

they can occur at any place of articulation except labiodental

if a fricative is produced with a constriction that is too wide, __________

frication will cease, and an approximant will be produced

most speech sounds are __________ and __________

oral and central

true or false: a consonant can be produced with more than one source

true

true or false: speech sounds are produced totally independently of one other

false

fricatives are produced with:

narrow constriction

stops are produced with:

full closure of the vocal tract

approximants are produced with:

relatively wide constriction

the three broad classes of place of articulation can be grouped according to their active articulator, which are:

the lips, the tongue tip/blade, and the tongue body

true or false: the goal in producing a consonant is to make specific movements of each articulator

false

what is deglutition?

the entire process of putting food into the mouth to it entering the stomach

true or false: the larynx is not involved in swallowing

false

what are the phases of swallowing?

oral phase (oral prep and oral transit), pharyngeal phase, esophageal phase

what are the six cranial nerves involved in swallowing?

cn v, vii, ix, x, xi, xii

which structure retroflexes or “flips” during the pharyngeal phase of swallowing?

epiglottis

also referring to trees that lose their leaves in the winter, what term is used for the first set of teeth that emerge in infancy?

deciduous

what does superadded mean when referring to the teeth and which type of teeth does this apply to?

permanent teeth not in the deciduous set; pre-molars and third molars (wisdom teeth)

what is the name for the boundary between the skin of the lips and the face?

vermillion border

the crown of the teeth is covered in:

enamel

the oropharyngeal isthmus is bounded anteriorly and posteriorly by the ___________, which are protrusions of the palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus muscles into the vocal tract

faucial pillars

the _________ is a vertical layer of fibrous tissue in the tongue midline

midline septum

food is crushed by the ________ surface of the ________ type of teeth

occlusal; molars

which nerve innervates the intrinsic tongue muscles?

cn xii hypoglossal

which nerve innervates the muscles of the face?

cn vii facial

which two muscles are named for the fact that they surround the mouth ________ and the eyes ________

orbicularis oris; orbicularis oculi

contraction of which muscle will shorten the tongue and point the tip downward?

inferior longitudinal

the two bodies of this muscle are connected by the epicranial aponeurosis?

occipitofrontalis/epicranious

what muscle is contracted (unilaterally) to produce this facial expression?

levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

what muscle produces this movement when contracted?

mentalis

the ________ is the primary muscle of the cheek and lies deep to the risorius

buccinator

the larger of the two muscles that originate on the zygomatic bone, which muscle contracts to elevate and retract the corners of the lip?

zygomatic major

what are the four ways which consonants can differ in manner of articulation?

constriction degree, escape channel, sound source, number of constrictions

which type of sound is characterized by an additional source of sound generated by the constriction in the vocal tract?

fricatives

producing velar consonants requires muscular activation similar to that for what type of vowel?

high back vowels

what muscle(s) would you contract to turn the tongue tip to the left?

inferior and superior longitudinal

what muscle(s) would you contract to produce a dental stop?

masseter, posterior genioglossus, transverse, vertical, and superior longitudinal

true or false: coarticulation occurs only when two sounds are produced overlapping in time

false

rhotics in english can be produced with the tongue tip pointed up or the tongue tip pointed down. what does this tell us about how we control the movements of the articulators during speech production?

we control speech by aiming to create certain constrictions, not by trying to move each articulator a certain amount

what are the four constriction locations made with tongue tip or blade?

dental (or interdental), alveolar, postalveolar (or palato-alveolar), palatal

what is the name for the class of consonants produced with the tongue tip or blade?

coronal

which six muscles are contracted to smile?

risorius, zygomatic major, levator anguli oris, levator labii superioris, zygomatic minor, orbicularis oculi