HHP 4773 EXAM 1

Factors that affect test performance

subject factors, environmental factors, test factors. environmental and test need to be standardized

Why test?

-asses health status

-assess performance

-provide information regarding current status for the purpose of program design

Testing order

1. resting blood pressure and heart rate

2. body composition

3. balance

4. muscular strength/endurance

5. aerobic fitness

6. flexibility

Preliminary screening

1. self-guided (PARQ)

2. cvd risk factor assessment

3. medical evaluation

Body composition

a descriptive breakdown of the bodys make up. fat, bone, muscle, water

Anthropometry

measurement of size and proportions of body

WHR

circumference of the waist divided by circumference of the hip

Hydrodenistometry (under water weighing)

weight of body under water is directly proportional to the volume of water displaced by the bodys volume

Plethysmogrpahy (bod pod)

at constant temperature, volume and pressure are inversely related

pressure of it empty v occupied

Concentric

shortening

Eccentric

lengthening

Isometric

static

Isokinetic

muscle action performed at a constant rotational velocity

Strength

maximal amount of force a muscle or muscle group can exert against a resistance in a single effort

Muscular endurance

muscles ability to continue to perform successive exertions or many reps

Absolute muscular endurance

measure of the total number of repetitions at a given amount of resistance

Relative muscular endurance

measure of total number of reps at a percentage of a persons 1RM or body weight

Heart rate

frequency of cardiac cycle measured in beats per minute

Frequency

number of training sessions per unit of time

Intensity

percentage of the athletes maximum

Volume

total amount of work completed

Steps to designing a resistance program

1. preform a needs analysis

2. develop goals and a timeline for these goals

3. design the actual resistance training program

4. assess your progress

General adaption syndrome

hans selye

explains the bodys reaction to stress

Stimulus recovery adaptation

explains the bodys reaction to training

fitness-fatigue model

explains the theory of tapering and peaking

SMART goals

s-specific

m-measurable

a-attainable

r-realistic

t-timely

Periodization

planned manipulation of training variables in an attempt to maximize adaptions

SAID principle

-specific

-adaptations to

-impose

-demands

All of the following are reasons to test a client/patient except

to attempt to recreate a serious adverse cardiovascular event

Of the following, which should be tested first if performing a testing battery?

A: BODY COMP

B: balance

C: muscle strength

D: aerobic fitness

The degree to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure refers to a test's

validity

The degree of consistency or repeatability of a test refers to its

reliability

The primary comparison used for a test interpretation when measuring progression is

self-referenced comparisons

Preliminary screening of a client may include which of the following

-self-reported information such as a PAR-Q

-medical evaluation

-CVD risk factor assessment

A PAR-Q and ACSM health/fitness preparticipation screening questionnaire determine which of the following

-level of medical clearance necessary prior to participation

-the need for exercise testing

-the level of supervision necessary to perform exercise testing

The process of determining detectable characteristics associated with an increased chance of experiencing unwanted outcomes is

risk startification

Jack is a 59 year old retired fireman. He currently works 3 days per week at the local Lowes and loves to take his English Bulldog on 30 minute walks around his neighborhood on a daily basis. He also performs all of the yard work around the house. His father died at the age of 65 of a heart attack and his mother,who had type-II diabetes, died at age 70. Jack has never smoked, is normal weight, has been fairly active his entire life, has a resting blood pressure of 135/85, and his lipoproteins all fall within normal range. Jack has been a type-II diabetic for 12 years. What is Jack's risk stratification?

high

Standardizing the environmental factors during testing is not important, as long as the subject is well hydrated and is wearing proper clothing

false

Which of the following is most closely associated with increased risk of metabolic and cardiovascular disease?

central adiposity

Which of the following is true?

The percentage of people with disease increases as the waist-to-hip ratio increases; but the increase in disease percentage is increasingly dramatic as you move from a normal bodyweight to obesity

When describing body composition, the body's makeup is typically broken down and described with percentages of which of the following?

water, fat, mineral, protein, or some combination

Essential fat levels for men and women are approximately _____ and _____, respectively.

5,12

Total body water is the sum of intracellular (ICF) and extracellular (ECF) water. The ICF and ECF makeup _____ and _____ of the total body water, respectively

65%, 35%

Which of the following is/are true regarding BMI

-BMI is weight expressed relative to height

-BMI is a predictor of CVD risk

-BMI is good for the general population, but cannot distinguish between muscle and fat

A waist to hip ratio of .97 for a 23 y/o man is classified as

very high

Both hydrotensitometry and air discplacement plethysmography measure which of the following in order to determine body density and, ultimately, % body fat

body volume

Using an technique that allows for segmental composition analysis may be more sensitive to small changes over time than a technique that only measures whole body composition

true

The type of strength testing that tests strength at the weakest point in the range of motion is

DCER

The type of muscle contraction that results in no change in muscle length is known as

isometric muscle action

_____ testing refers to testing at a constant rotational velocity

isokinetic

One important reason to test strength, particularly with regard to injury prevention is

to identify muscle imbalances

The amount of force that a muscle or muscle group can produce against a resistance in a single, maximal effort is known as

muscle strength

An exercise, such as the knee (e.g.) extension, that is characterized by the most resistance in the middle of the range of motion has what type of strength curve?

bell-shaped

Which of the following is a major disadvantage to isometric testing

the strength or force measured is joint angle specific

An advantage to isokinetic testing is

-maximal force production can be measured throughout the entire range of motion

-the velocity of testing is constant and a wide range of velocities can be tested

The ability of a muscle or muscle group to execute repeated muscle actions over a prolonged period of time is

muscular endurance

A measure of the total number of repetitions that someone can perform at a percentage of that persons body weight is known as...

relative muscular endurance

The portion of the cardiac cycle associated with ventricular contraction is known as

systole

The portion of the cardiac cycle association with ventricular relaxation is

diastole

During exercise, 60% of the heart rate is spent in

systole

The gold standard for measuring heart rate is

electrocardiogram

Resting heart rate can be affected by which of the following

-body position

-time of day

-dietary or nutritional status

Heart rate greater than 100 bpm is classified as

tachycardia

With regard to recovery heart rate, which of the following is true

-recover HR is measured at a fixed point after the cessation of exercise

-a greater rate of reduction in HR is associated with a lower CVD risk

-a greater rate of reduction in HR is associated with better fitness

The age-related decline in a maximal heart rate is approximately

3-7% per year

Stroke volume is the volume of blood pumped out by the left ventricle in one heart beat and is determined/influenced by

-size of the heart

-training status

-frank starling mechanism

Mathematically, the stroke volume is ________ - _________, and the normal value is _________.

EDV, ESV, 70 mL

Which of the following is false regarding cardiac output

cardiac output and blood pressure are inversely related

Training may increase _________, which can allow for a lower ________ at a given ______________.

stroke volume, heart rate, cardiac output

General Adaptation Syndrome explains the body's response to ______________, while Stimulus-Recovery-Adaptation is used to explain the body's response to ____________.

stress, training

Advanced athletes need more complex training, but progress at the same rate, when compared to beginner athletes.

false

Which of the following is not one of the steps in designing a resistance training program

meet with the coaching staff

____ appears to be the key to most adaptations associated with resistance training

volume

What is the difference between intensity and effort

intensity refers to the weight in reference to the athelets 1 RM

When working with an athlete/ client it is impt to

-establish SMART goals

-assess the training and injury status of athlete

-establish time frame in which you are working with the athlete

Periodization refers to

planned manipulation of training variable in an attempt to maximize adaptations

Tapering refers to the reduction in training volume in order to peak for a major event

true

Based on the research discussed in class, if one group performs 3 sets of 30% to failure and another group performs 3 sets of 80% to failure, which training protocol would result in greater hypertrophy

they would be equal

Bioelectrical impedance devices measure....

resistance of the bodys tissues