research 1 prelim — research methods

quantitative research, qualitative research, mixed methods, cross-sectional studies, longitudinal studies, action research, case control studies, descriptive research, correlational research, grounded theory, surveys and questionnaires, meta-analysis

12 types of research methods

Quantitative Research

Centered around Collecting numerical data and uses statistical analysis to draw conclusions 

Surveys, Experiments, Observational Studies, Secondary data analysis

4 types of quantitative research

Surveys

are utilized to collect data from a large audience to identify trends and generalize findings.

Experiments

are designed to test hypotheses by manipulating variables in a controlled setting.

Observational Studies

involve watching and recording subjects without interference, providing insights into natural behaviors.

Secondary data analysis

is re-analyzing existing datasets to extract new insights, saving time and resources.

Qualitative Research

Focuses on understanding the intricacies of human beliefs and social phenomena.

Interviews

conduct in-depth interviews to explore individual perspectives and gain insights into complex topics.

Focus groups

gather diverse opinions and insights from group discussions on specific topics.

Ethnography

immerses in a culture or community to understand their practices, values, and social dynamics.

Interviews, Focus Groups, Ethnography

3 types of qualitative research

Mixed-Methods

Combines qualitative and quantitative approaches to gain a deeper insight into complex problems.

• Leverage the strengths of both quantitative and qualitative data

Cross-Sectional Studies

Analyze data from a population at a specific point in time to identify patterns, correlations, or differences between variables. 

• Provide a snapshot of the population's characteristics and relationships.

Longitudinal Studies

Track the same subjects over an extended period, providing valuable insights into changes, trends, and long term effects.

• Examine changes and developments over time.

Action Research

Involves collaboration with stakeholders to identify and  address practical issues, aiming for immediate impact and improvement.

• Implement solutions drive change in real-world settings.

Case Control Studies

Compare individuals with a particular outcome (cases) to those without it (controls) to identify potential causes or risk factors.

• Identify factors linked to specific outcomes or diseases. 

Descriptive Research

Aims to provide detailed descriptions and summaries of phenomena without manipulating variables, offering a clear picture of a subject.

• Describe characteristics, behaviors, or patterns.

Correlational Research

Examines the relationship between two or more variables to identify patterns, associations, or correlations without inferring causation.

• Identify patterns and associations between variables.

Grounded Theory

Approach were theories are develop based on systematically gathered and analyze data, allowing concepts and frameworks to emerge organically.

• Develop theories grounded in Empirical Evidences

Surveys and Questionnaires

Are structured tools used to collect specific information directly from a target population, providing valuable data for various purposes. 

• Gather targeted data and opinions from respondents

Meta-Analysis

Is a powerful statistical technique that combines the result of multiple studies on a similar topic to draw robust conclusions and insights. 

• Synthesize existing research finding for stronger conclusions