Final Exam Exercise Physiology

Type 1 muscle fibers are primarily known for their ________ characteristics.

Aerobic metabolism.

Type 1 fibers consist of Type I and ________ fibers.

Type Ie.

Type II fibers primarily utilize ________ energy metabolism.

Anaerobic.

Type II muscle fibers predominate in ________ type sprints and forceful muscle actions.

Anaerobic.

The __________ Principle explains that smaller motor neurons are recruited more easily.

Size.

The SA Node creates the ________ signal for heart contraction.

Excitation.

Systole refers to the heart's ________ phase.

Contraction.

Diastole refers to the heart's ________ phase.

Relaxation.

The ________ Cycle refers to the heart's pumping action.

Cardiac.

________ capacity is the volume of blood delivered per beat.

Stroke Volume.

The __________ System pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

Pulmonary.

The ________ Law states that an increase in volume leads to a decrease in pressure.

Boyle’s.

In aerobic training, the number of __________ increases, improving oxygen uptake.

Mitochondria.

____________ fibers are characterized by slow twitch and high fatigue resistance.

Type I.

Heart rate increases by inhibiting __________ stimulation.

Parasympathetic.

The __________ system distributes oxygenated blood throughout the body.

Systemic.

The __________ Effect refers to the upward shift in heart rate during cardiovascular drift.

Cardiovascular.

High myosin ATPase activity is characteristic of ________ muscle fibers.

Type II.

________ muscled fibers have more mitochondria for aerobic metabolism.

Type I.

The ________ cycle is crucial for energy production in muscle fibers.

Krebs.

The __________ blood flow is increased with exercise due to metabolic demand.

Coronary.

Preload is related to the extent a heart chamber is ________ when filled with blood.

Stretched.

Ejection Fraction (EF) measures the percentage of __________ pumped with each beat.

End Diastolic Volume (EDV).

The arterial system carries blood ________ from the heart.

Away.

The __________ System is responsible for returning deoxygenated blood to the heart.

Venous.

The ________ is the membrane where gas exchange occurs in the lungs.

Alveolar-capillary membrane.

Total Lung Capacity is the sum of Inspiratory Reserve Volume, Expiratory Reserve Volume, and ________ Volume.

Residual.

The ________ Artery is the only set of deoxygenated arteries in the body.

Pulmonary.

Hemodynamics refers to the flow of ________ through the circulatory system.

Blood.

Cardiac Output (Q) is calculated as heart rate multiplied by ________ Volume.

Stroke.

ECG readings consist of different segments such as P-Wave, QRS Complex, and ________.

T-Wave.

Mitochondria in myocardial cells are crucial for ________ metabolism.

Aerobic.

Inadequate capillary supply can affect __________ efficiency during intense exercise.

Oxygen.

The __________ reflex modifies sympathetic outflow to regulate blood pressure.

Baroreceptor.

Increased blood flow velocity occurs as blood leaves the left __________.

Ventricle.

CO2 diffuses out into alveoli due to low ________ in the lungs.

Partial pressure.

Vasodilation occurs in active muscles due to local changes in ________ levels.

Metabolite.

The heart's ability to increase contractility is called __________ effects.

Inotropic.

The Fick’s Equation calculates oxygen uptake based on cardiac output and ________ difference.

A-VO2.

A __________ difference in oxygen levels represents the amount of oxygen utilized.

Arterial-venous.

_________ are connected via gap junctions to permit rapid conduction in cardiac cells.

Myocardial cells.

The lungs have a __________ pressure circulation to enhance gas exchange.

Low.

Functional capacity of the cardiovascular system is measured by VO2 __________.

Max.

Cardiovascular drift results in an increase in heart rate with a decrease in ________ volume.

Stroke.

The ________ pump assists venous return through pressure changes in the thoracic cavity.

Respiratory.

Fick's Law emphasizes that gas diffusion rate is proportional to __________ area.

Surface.

The heart pump's blood through the ________ circulation to deliver nutrients and remove waste.

Coronary.

____________ neurons innervate the ventricles to increase heart rate.

Sympathetic.

_________ metabolism predominates in Type II muscle fibers during high intensity exercise.

Anaerobic.

Cardiac output equals heart rate multiplied by __________ volume during rest.

Stroke.

The ________ releases acetylcholine and slows down heart rate through parasympathetic influence.

Vagus nerve.

The main function of the heart is to ________ blood throughout the body.

Pump.

The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the ________ circulation.

Venous.

In the cardiac cycle, the __________ phase is when ventricles are filled with blood.

Diastolic.

The __________ node acts as the primary pacemaker of the heart.

SA.

Cardiac muscle cells have a high density of __________ to support energy demands.

Mitochondria.

The exchange of gases occurs at the level of the __________ in the lungs.

Alveoli.

Blood returns to the heart through veins, which carry blood ________ the heart.

To.

The __________ volume indicates the total volume of air that can be exhaled after maximum inhalation.

Vital.

Respiratory rate is defined as the number of breaths taken per __________.

Minute.

The main respiratory muscles include the diaphragm and __________ muscles.

Intercostal.

Increased CO2 in the blood results in __________ of the respiratory rate.

Elevation.

The __________ is located between the trachea and the bronchi, regulating airflow.

Bronchus.

During inhalation, the diaphragm ________ to create negative pressure in the thoracic cavity.

Contracts.

The heart's left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the ________ circulation.

Systemic.

Atrial __________ is the electrical activity recorded before the ventricles contract.

Depolarization.

The __________ sac surrounds the heart, providing protection and lubrication.

Pericardial.

Pulmonary __________ is the exchange of gases between air and blood in the lungs.

Ventilation.

The oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve shifts to the right with increased __________ levels.

CO2.

The __________ membrane facilitates gas exchange in the alveoli.

Alveolar.

Increased heart rate during exercise is primarily due to __________ stimulation.

Sympathetic.