Psych PPL

Herman Von Helmholtz

measured the speed of impulses and explored the psychology of hearing and vision: indicated that our senses deceive us and don't external world

Ernst Weber & Gustav Ferner

psychophysics: introduced methods for measuring the relationship between physical and external stimuli.

John Locke

a philosopher: wrote about psychological relative vs physical reality —piggybacked off of Helmholtz philosophy

William Wundt

promoted the idea that psychology was a experimental field → introspection: identifying the elements of consciousness

Edward Bradford Tichner

student of Wundt: introduced structuralism (what is the mind → contents)

: Established Society of Experimental Psychologists

Margaret Floy Washburn

First women in America to earn a PhD in psychologist

William James

WROTE PRINCIPALS OF PSYCOLOGY & opposed Tichener: argued that conciseness is ongoing and continuous→ consciousness shapes our environment and choices

William James, G. Stanley Hall, James Meeken Cattell

functionalism: focused on the activities of the mind (what the mind does)

Mary Whiton Calkins

-studied under William James → completed all Harvard requirements for a doctorate degree- got denied— went on to become the first woman president of the APA

G. Stanley Hall

founded first psychological lab in America—founded APA—published the first psychological journal in America

Francis Cecil Summer

Studied under G. Stanley Hall → first African American to earn a PhD in psychology in America

James McKeen Cattell

believed that society was better served by identifying those with superior intelligence

Alfred Binet

created the first practical intelligence measurement scale (paved the way for IQ tests) → Binnet Simon Scale — identified if schoolchildren needed more help

Charles Darwin

theory of evolution → evolutionary psychology — psychology helps organism adapt and survive

Sigmund Freud

founded psychoanalysis : uncousous mind, developmental stages, dream cycle, defense mechanisms

shifted psychology to clinical therapy

Ian Pavlov

behavioral psychology

John B Watson

Established behaviorism

Little Albert Experiment: classical conditioning to train a nine-month-old infant to fear a white rat

Lillian Gilbreth

studied how psychological principals can improve work environments, efficiency, worker safety → human factors engineering

BF Skinner

studied rewards and punishments → Skinner box

Maimee Phipps Clark

conducted the Doll Test which showed how race and segregation had a impact in black children self esteem