chapter 24 - lipid and amino acid metabolism

glycerol, fatty acids, and monoglycerides

what are triglycerides hydrolyzed into?

lymph and blood after being complexed with chylomicrons

where are insoluble lipids transported?

4-6 hours after a meal

when does plasma lipid concentration peak?

fat mobilization

what is the hydrolysis of stored glycerides, followed by the entry of fatty acids and glycerol into the bloodstream?

FADH2, NADH, acetyl CoA

what is released when a fatty acid goes through beta oxidation?

25% more

how much more efficient are lipids than carbohydrates as energy-storage systems?

acetoacetate, b-hydroxybutyrate, and acetone

what are the three ketone bodies?

ketone bodies

what are created in the liver when excess acetyl CoA is produced by fatty acid oxidation than what can be process by the citric acid cycle?

liver

what organ is involved in fatty acid synthesis?

no

can the body synthesize polyunsaturated fatty acids?

yes

can the body convert glucose to fatty acids?

no

can the body convert fatty acids into glucose?

amino acid pool

total supply of amino acids in the body that is derived from digestion of food, bodys own degraded tissue, and synthesis of some amino acids in the liver

protein turnover

continuing process in which body proteins are hydrolyzed and resynthesized

the synthesis of other nitrogen-containing compounds

what is the amino acid pool used for?

degraded

what happens to amino acids in excess of body requirements?

transamination

what is stage one of amino acid catabolism?

deamination

what is stage 2 of amino acid catabolism?

urea formation

what is stage three of amino acid catabolism?

transamination

transfer of amino group, production of aspartate

deamination

principle source of NH4+ in humans

urea cycle

metabolic pathway where ammonium ions are converted to urea

glucogenic amino acids

have carbon skeletons that can be metabolically converted to intermediates used in glucose synthesis, helps synthesize glucose through gluconeogenesis after glycogen stores are exhausted by the body

ketogenic amino acids

have carbon skeletons that can be metabolically converted to acetyl CoA or acetoacetyl CoA

nonessential

what type of amino acid can be synthesized by the body; essential or nonessential?