Chapter 15: Aldehydes and Ketones

Hydrolysis

________ is a reaction in which a bond or bonds are broken and the H¬ and ¬OH of water add to the atoms of the broken bond or bonds.

Acetal

________ is a compound that has two ether- like ¬OR groups bonded to the same carbon atom of what was once an aldehyde.

Ketal

________ is a compound that has two ether- like ¬OR groups bonded to the same carbon atom of what was once a ketone.

Hemiacetal

________ is a compound with both an alcohol- like ¬OH group and an ether like ¬OR group bonded to the carbon atom that was at one time the aldehyde carbonyl carbon.

Hemiketal

________ is a compound with both an alcohol- like ¬OH group and an ether like ¬OR group bonded to the carbon atom that was at one time the ketone carbonyl carbon.

Tollens reagent

________, which consists of a solution containing silver ion in aqueous ammonia, is the most visually appealing oxidizing agent for aldehydes.

Aldehydes

________ are named systematically by replacing the final- e in an alkane name with- al and when necessary numbering the chain starting with 1 at the ¬CHO group.

mild oxidizing

Because ketones can not be oxidized, treatment with a(n) ________ agent is used as a test to distinguish between aldehydes and ketones.