Anatomy Lecture 10- Appendicular Musculature

Importance of appendicular musculature

stabilizing pectoral and pelvic girdles, moving upper and lower limbs, absorbing shocks and jolts, aid in strengthening joint area

2 groups of appendicular muscles

pectoral girdle and upper limbs, pelvic girdle and lower limbs

Action lines

show direction of pull

spurt muscles

inserts close to joint, moves joint

shunt muscles

inserts far away from joint, stabilize joint and helps move

4 groups of pectoral girdle and upper limb muscles

position pectoral girdle, move arm, move forearm and hand, move hand and fingers

Intrinsic muscle

origin and insertion both in hand/foot

extrinsic muscle

only insertion in hand/foot, origin outside

muscles the position pectoral girdle

coordinate with muscles that move arm

trapezius

rotates scapula and extend neck

rhomboid

adducts the shoulder

levator scapulae

elevates scapula

pectoralis minor

protracts shoulder

serratus anterior and subclavius

protracts scapula

Deltoid

abducts arm

supraspinatus

abduction at shoulder

infraspinatus

lateral rotation at shoulder

subscapularis

medial rotation at shoulder

teres major

extension and medial rotation at shoulder

teres minor

lateral rotation and adduction at shoulder

coracobrachialis

adduction and flexion at shoulder

pectoralis major

adducts, flexes, and medially rotates arm

latissimus dorsi

extensions, adduction, and medial rotation at shoulder

Rotator Cuff

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor

triceps brachii

extension at elbow

biceps brachii

flexion at elbow, supinates forearm

brachialis

flexion at elbow

brachioradialis

flexion at elbow

anconeus

extension at elbow

pronator teres

pronates forearm

supinator

supinates forearm

flexor carpi ulnaris

flexion and adduction at wrist

flexor carpi radialis

flexion and abduction at wrist

palmaris longus

flexion at wrist

extensor carpi ulnaris

extension and adduction at wrist

extensor carpi radialis

extension and abduction at wrist, longus and brevis muscles

pronator quadratus

pronates forearm and hand

Extrinsic muscles of hand

found mostly in forearm, flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus, flexor pollicis longus

extensor and flexor retinaculum

Not muscles

tendons of extrinsic hand muscles pass through…

synovial tendon sheaths

Intrinsic hand muscles

found mostly in palm or dorsum of hand

separate compartments of upper arm

lateral and medial intermuscular septums

anterior compartment of upper arm

biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis

posterior compartment of upper arm

triceps brachii

Anterior superficial compartment of forearm

flexor carpi radialis and ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis, palmaris longus, pronator teres

deep compartment of forearm

flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus

lateral compartment of forearm

brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis brevis and longus

posterior compartment of forearm

abductor pollicis longus, anconeus, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor indicis, extensor pollicis brevis and longus, supinator

muscles of pelvic girdle and lower limbs

larger and more powerful

groups of muscles of pelvic girdle and lower limbs

move thigh, move leg, move foot and toes

muscles that move thigh

originate on pelvis, gluteal group, lateral rotator group, adductor group, iliopsoas group

gluteus maximus

extension and lateral rotation at hip

iliotibial tract

inserts gluteus maximus in tensor fasciae latae

gluteus medius

abduction and medial rotation at hip

gluteus minimus

abduction and medial rotation at hip

tensor fasciae latae

extension of knee, lateral rotation of leg

obturator muscles

lateral rotation and abduction of hip

piriformis

lateral rotation and abduction of hip

gemelli muscles

lateral rotation and abduction of hip

quadratus femoris

lateral rotation of hip

adductor brevis

adduction and flexion at hip

adductor longus

adduction and medial rotation at hip

adductor magnus

adduction at hip

pectineus

flexion and adduction at hip

gracilis

flexion and medial rotation at knee, adduction and medial rotation at hip

iliacus

flexion at hip, iliopsoas muscle

psoas major

flexion at hip, iliopsoas muscle

quadriceps femoris

all extensors of knee

Vastus muscles

vastus intermedius/lateralis/medialis, all extend leg

rectus femoris

extends leg, flexion at hip, part of quadriceps femoris

Hamstrings

flexors of the knee

biceps femoris

flexes leg, extension at hip

semimembranosus and semitendinosus

flexes leg

sartorius

allows crossing of lower leg, flexes/abducts/laterally rotates hip, NOT part of quadriceps

popliteus

medially rotates hip, NOT part of hamstrings

extrinsic muscles of foot

originate on distal end of femur or on tibia/fibula, move foot and toes

intrinsic muscles of foot

originate on some aspect of foot, move toes

tibialis anterior

dorsiflexion and inversion of foot

gastrocnemius

plantar flexion

fibularis brevis and longus

plantar flexion and eversion of foot

plantaris and soleus

plantar flexion

tibialis posterior

plantar flexion and inversion of foot

calcaneal tendon

where gastrocnemius and soleus insert

superior and inferior extensor retinaculum function

stabilize tendons in tarsal area

flexor digitorum longus

flexion of toes 2-5

flexor hallucis longus

flexion of hallux

extensor digitorum longus

extension of toes 2-5

extensor hallucis longus

extension of hallux

abductor hallucis

abduction of hallux

flexor digitorum brevis

flexion of toes 2-5

abductor digiti minimi

abduction of little toe

lumbricals

extension of toes 2-5

flexor hallucis brevis

flexion of hallux

flexor digiti minimi brevis

flexion of little toe

plantar aponeuroses

superficial fascia tissue of plantar surface of foot

quadratus plantae

flexion of toes 2-5

adductor hallucis

adducts the hallux

plantar interossei

adduction of toes 3-5

extensor digitorum brevis

extension of toes 1-4

dorsal interossei

abduction of toes 3-4, extension of toes 2-4