5.8 The initiation of adaptive

what is clonal selection?

a match-making event occurring in lymph nodes in which lymphocytes with receptors that can recognise a new antigen come into contact with that particular antigen

what is clonal expansion?

a process of multiple cycles of cell division of a lymphocyte specific to a particular antigen, resulting in the production of large numbers of identical lymphocytes

what is receptor diversity?

The certain type of receptor carried by a lymphocyte is determined during embryonic development by random genetic recombination of the antibody and receptor genes

what are epitopes and paratopes?

lymphocytes are specific → when they detect a particular invader they only attack those with an epitope matching the receptors on their surface. An antigen has many epitopes, with each detect by the complementary antibody paratope on the lymphocyte.

what are the functions of helper T cells?

• vital for both branches of the adaptive immune system responses

• helps activate cytotoxic cells, B cells and macrophages by releasing cytokines