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26 Terms
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1
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Stock Market Crash (1929)
The collapse of the stock market in October 1929, marking the beginning of the Great Depression.
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Herbert Hoover
The 31st President of the United States (1929-1933), criticized for his ineffective handling of the Great Depression.
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Hoovervilles
Shantytowns built by homeless people during the Great Depression, named after President Hoover.
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Bonus Army (1932)
A group of WWI veterans who marched to Washington, D.C., demanding early payment of a promised bonus.
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FDR (Franklin D. Roosevelt)
The 32nd President (1933-1945) who led the country through the Great Depression and instituted the New Deal.
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First 100 Days
The first three months of FDR's presidency marked by extensive legislative action to combat the Great Depression.
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Bank Holiday
A temporary closure of all banks in the U.S. by FDR in 1933 to restore public confidence.
8
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New Deal
A series of programs enacted by FDR to provide relief, recovery, and reform during the Great Depression.
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Fireside Chats
Radio addresses by FDR directly communicating with the American people about the New Deal.
10
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Brain Trust
A group of intellectuals and experts who advised FDR on economic and social policies.
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Frances Perkins
The first woman to serve in the U.S. Cabinet as Secretary of Labor under FDR.
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Alphabet Acts
A series of New Deal programs and agencies abbreviated with acronyms like FDIC, SEC, CCC, WPA, etc.
13
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William Lemke
A politician who criticized FDR and promoted a 'third-party' movement opposing some New Deal policies.
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Dr. Francis Townsend
A physician who advocated for a pension plan for the elderly, influencing Social Security's creation.
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Father Charles Coughlin
A Catholic priest and radio personality who was a critic of FDR for not adequately addressing economic inequality.
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Huey Long
A populist Louisiana senator who proposed the 'Share Our Wealth' plan for wealth redistribution.
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Court Packing
FDR's unsuccessful attempt in 1937 to add more justices to the Supreme Court to secure favorable rulings.
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Why Did FDR Win in 1932?
FDR offered a clear, optimistic alternative to Hoover’s handling of the Great Depression.
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What Were the 'First Hundred Days'?
Intense legislative action including major laws like the Banking Act and the CCC.
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Criticism of FDR from the Left and the Right
Left critics claimed the New Deal didn’t redistribute wealth enough, while Right critics argued it expanded government too much.
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Role of Eleanor Roosevelt as First Lady
Actively engaged in political issues, advocating for civil rights and women's rights, unlike past First Ladies.
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Impact of New Deal on Women
Women gained new employment opportunities but faced discrimination and lower wages.
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Impact of New Deal on Minorities
Some relief programs benefitted minorities, but many were discriminated against and excluded.
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Problems Created for the New Deal by the Supreme Court
Several New Deal programs were struck down as unconstitutional, prompting FDR's court-packing response.
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Regional Differences to the New Deal
There were differences in focus between rural poverty and urban development, with targeted programs like the TVA.
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What Ended the New Deal? Was It Successful?
The New Deal ended with WWII economic recovery; it was successful in relief and reform, but did not end all inequality.