Urinary System and Kidney Function Review

Flashcards focused on key concepts of the urinary system and the functional anatomy of the kidneys.

What are the primary functions of the urinary system?

1. Filter and excrete metabolic wastes. 2. Balance salt-water concentration levels. 3. Maintain pH balance. 4. Produce hormones like EPO and Renin.

What is the role of the kidneys in the urinary system?

The kidneys produce urine by filtering blood, reabsorbing necessary substances, and secreting wastes.

What type of epithelium lines the ureters?

Transitional epithelium.

What is the capacity of the female bladder?

Typically holds about 200-300 mL.

What is micturition?

The act of urinating.

What is the structure of a nephron?

Includes the glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct.

What does tubular reabsorption involve?

The transport of water and solutes from the tubular fluid back into capillaries.

What is the function of the loop of Henle?

Reabsorption of water and Na+ & Cl- from tubular fluid into capillaries.

What hormones are involved in regulating kidney function?

Renin, ADH, EPO, and Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF).

What compounds are primarily found in urine composition?

95% water and a mixture of over 4,000 metabolite compounds.

How does caffeine affect kidney function?

Caffeine inhibits the action of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), leading to increased urine production.

What is the anatomical location of the kidneys in relation to organ systems?

The kidneys are retroperitoneal organs located behind the peritoneum.

What are the renal blood vessels involved in the nephron?

Afferent arteriole, glomerulus (capillary), efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, and renal vein.

What is the primary waste product of metabolism that is excreted in urine?

Urea.

What does the collecting duct do in the nephron?

It further concentrates urine by reabsorbing water and salts before it moves to the renal pelvis.

How is water reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule?

Approximately 65-70% of filtered water is reabsorbed here, along with glucose, amino acids, and salts.