enzyme

DIASTASE

• Catalyzes hydrolysis of starch → maltose (50x its weight of potato starch)

• Ptyalin is salivary diastase

• Amylopsin is pancreatic diastase

• Malt diastase is formed during germination of barley grains (diastatic fermentation)

Most active in solutions that are neutral

AMYLASE

catalyzes hydrolysis of starch → sugars

LACTASE

• Catalyzes hydrolysis of lactose → galactose

+ glucose

• It is obtained from Saccharomyces lactis

• Used for lactose intolerant patients

INVERTASE / SUCRASE

Catalyzes sucrose → glucose + fructose (the invert sugars) which makes the solution sweeter than original

MALTASE

• Catalyzes maltose → 2 glucose

• Found in yeast and intestinal juices

ZYMASE

catalyzes monosaccharides → alcohol + CO2

EMULSIN

catalyzes breakdown of beta glucosides, such as hydrolysis of amygdalin to glucose, benzaldehyde and HCN

MYROSIN

catalyzes breakdown of isothiocyanate glycosides

HYALURONIDASE

• Catalyzes hydrolysis of mucopolysaccharides of the type of hyaluronic acid and other similar hexosamine-containing polysaccharides

• Prepared from mammalian testes

LIPASE

catalyzes hydrolysis of fats (triglycerides or phospholipids) → glycerin + fatty acids

PECTASE

catalyzes pectin → pectic acid + methanol

STEAPSIN

capable of digesting dietary fat

UREASE

• Capable of converting urea → ammonia • Found in soybeans

PEPSIN

• Converts proteins into proteoses and peptones with 3000 – 3500x times its weight of coagulated egg albumin

• Active at a pH of about 1.8 (acidic)

• It is obtained from the fresh stomach of the hog, Sus scrofa var. domesticus (Suidae)

PANCREATIN

• A combination of amylase, lipase, and protease, which should be able to have 25 USP units amylase (carb) activity, 25 USP units lipase (lipid) activity, and 25 USP units protease (prot) activity

• It is obtained from pancreas of the hog Sus scrofa or ox, Bos taurus (Bovidae)

• Used as digestive aid and in preparation of food for invalids

• It is sometimes used to treat infants with celiac disease.

PANCRELIPASE

Essentially a more concentrated form of pancreatin – nlt 24 USP units lipase activity, 100 USP units amylase activity, and 100 USP units protease activity

• Used as digestive aid especially in fat absorption

• Aid in the control of steatorrhea

TRYPSIN

• Converts proteoses and peptones into amino acids

• Active at a pH of about 8 (basic)

• It is obtained from the ox

• Used in debridement of necrotic and pyogenic surface lesions

CHYMOTRYPSIN

used in solution form to the posterior chamber of the eye, under the iris, to achieve zonal lysis

EREPSIN

same function as trypsin

RENNIN / CHYMOSIN

curdles the casein in milk

PAPAIN

• Mixture of active proteolytic enzymes in the papaya tree, Carica papaya (Caricaceae).

• It contains a mix of peptidase I, a rennin like enzyme, an amylolytic enzyme, a clotting enzyme, and a lipase-like enzyme

• Used as digestant for proteins, as reliever for symptoms of episiostomy, cleanser for soft contact lenses, and as beef tenderizer

CHYMOPAPAIN

• Nonpyrogenic proteolytic enzyme from papaya

• Used in treatment of herniated lumbar intervertebral discs and lesses osmotic activity and intradiscal pressure

• It contains dextrin, maltose, glucose, and some amylolytic enzymes, and is used as aid in digesting starch

THROMBIN

converts fibrinogen → fibrin

BROMELAIN

• Mixture of protein-digesting and milk clotting enzymes from the juice of pineapple, Ananas (Bromeliaceae) comosus

• It is used in adjunctive therapy to reduce inflammation and edema and to accelerate tissue episiostomy. repair following • Used in tenderizing meat and in the leather industry

STREPTOKINASE

• Turns plasminogen to plasmin, indicated in treatment of pulmonary embolism, DVT, arterial thrombosis, arteriovenous cannula occlusion, and coronary artery thromboses (particularly in STEMI as facilitated PCI)

• It is isolated from group C beta-hemolytic streptococci

UROKINASE

same action with streptokinase, but since it is derived from urine of humans, it causes less allergic reactions as compared to streptokinase

FIBRINOLYSIN

enzyme derived from bovine origin which inactivates fibrin molecules, with same use as streptokinase and urokinase

DEOXYRIBONUCLEASE

nucleolytic enzyme also of bovine origin that acts against devitalized tissues in purulent states

SUTILAIN

substance containing proteolytic enzymes derived from Bacilus subtilis, and is used for wound debridement

COLLAGINASE

• Cleaves collagen and is used to debride dermal ulcers and burned areas

• It is obtained from culture of Clostridium histolyticum

• Burow’s Solution (Aluminum acetate) can be used to stop the enzymes action if risk of bacteremia develops

L-ASPARAGINASE

• Has antitumor effect by killing tumor cells by cleaving L-asparagine, their source of nutrition • It is obtained from cultures of certain strains of Eschericia coli • Severe ADRs were noted with asparaginase, including allergic reactions and fatal anaphylaxis

LYSOZYME / MURAMIDASE

• Damage bacterial cells by hydrolyzing parts of the cell wall • Present in many human secretions such as tears, saliva, human milk, and mucus