Positioning Unit 4 - Humerus + Shoudler

What size IR is used for AP and rotational lateral of the humerus?

14 × 17 (35 × 43 cm)

Where does the CR enter for AP/ Rotational lateral projection of the humerus?

Mid point of the humerus

How should the epicondyles be on an AP projection of the humerus?

Parallel to the IR

How should the hand be positoned on an AP humerus?

Supinated

How can you tell by looking at the radiograph that the AP projection of the humerus is a true AP?

Greater tubercle is in profile, lateral and medial epicondyles are in profile

How should the epicondyles be on a rotational lateral of the humerus?

Perpendicular to IR

Where does the CR enter for the transthoracic lateral of the humerus?

Enters the thorax, exits mid-diaphysis of the affected arm

Which side is placed closest to the IR on a transthoracic humerus?

Side of interest

Where is the patient’s unaffected arm placed on a transthoracic lateral of the humerus? Why?

Arm is raised and hand is placed on head. This elevates the shoulder to prevent superimposition of humeral heads

What can be done if the patient’s shoulders are not separated on the transthoracic lateral of the humerus?

10-15 cephalic angle on the tube

What type of breathing technique is used on the transthoracic lateral of the humerus? Why?

Breathe through it. This blurs our the ribs and lungs

What does the shoulder girdle consist of?

Shoulder and clavicle

What is the function of the shoulder girdle?

Connect upper limb to the trunk

What type of bone is the clavicle?

Long

What type of bone is the scapula?

Flat

What joint classification is the sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints?

D/S/Gliding

What joint classification is the scapulohumeral joint?

D/S/Ball and Socket

Where does the CR enter for the AP projection internal and external rotation of the shoulder?

1 inch inferior to the coracoid process

What size IR and orientation for the internal and external rotation of the shoulder?

10×12, landscape

Describe how the epicondyles are positioned on an external and internal rotation of the shoulder

External: Parallel

Internal: Perpendicular

How can you look at a radiograph and know it’s external rotation of the shoulder?

Greater tubercle

How can you look at a radiograph and know that it’s internal rotation of the shoulder?

Lesser tubercle is in profile on the medial aspect

How is the hand positioned for AP external rotation of the shoulder?

Supinated

How can you tell if the technique is good on all shoulder radiographs?

Trabeculae + soft tissue

What are the breathing instructions for all shoulder views except transthoracic?

Hold breath

Where does the CR enter for the AP projection neutral rotation of the shoulder?

Mid- scapulohumeral joint

What is the method name for the posterior oblique position - glenoid cavity?

Grashey method

Where does the CR enter for the Grashey Method?

Scapulohumeral joint

What is the degree of rotation for the Grashey Method?

35-45 toward the affected side