Animal Flashcards

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Flashcards for reviewing animal diversity, ecosystem services, and human evolution from lecture notes.

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29 Terms

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Nudibranchs

Some nudibranchs feed on cnidarians and store functional nematocysts in cnidosacs at the tips of outgrowths of their gut called cerrata.

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Kleptoplasty

Leaf sheep use this process to incorporate chloroplasts into their body from the food they eat

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Eutely

Adults have a fixed number of cells.

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Caenorhabditis elegans

Important model organism for developmental studies of cell differentiation due to eutely.

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Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)

Exhibits bright green fluorescence when exposed to blue or UV light and is used as a reporter gene.

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Flatworms (Platyhelminthes)

Reproduce asexually by fragmentation and regeneration and are a model system for stem cell biologists.

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Neoblasts

Adult stem cells in planarians that contribute to their ability to regenerate any part of the body.

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Leeches (Annelida)

Ectoparasites with salivary glands that secrete an anesthetic and an anticoagulant called hirudin.

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Hirudin

An anticoagulant secreted by leeches.

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Overharvesting

Harvesting of wild organisms at rates exceeding the ability of their populations to rebound.

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Habitat Loss

Human alteration of habitat, the single greatest threat to biodiversity throughout the biosphere.

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Gopher Tortoise

A threatened species in FL, keystone species, loss of habitat, used as food and slow to mature.

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Coral Bleaching

Warming sea temperatures cause corals to lose their zooxanthellae, leading to coral bleaching.

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Box Jellyfish (Class Cubozoa)

Potentially lethal stings for humans; medusa is prominent, with a square‐ish bell and tentacle(s) at each “corner”.

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Ticks and Mites (Order Acari)

agricultural pests, common in soil as plant pathogens and ectoparasites of animals

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Order Diptera (Flies and Mosquitos)

Characterized by only 1 pair of flying wings, 2nd pair wings reduced to stabilizers and some species are disease vectors.

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Shipworms

Bivalves that secrete wood-digesting enzymes and utilize bacteria to process wood

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Order Blattodea (Termites and Roaches)

Eusocial group that eats dead plant material/wood and recycles organic matter

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Eusociality

Termites live as a colony of related individuals in above- or below-ground nests with labor divided among castes .

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Class Mammalia

Tetrapods with a bony endoskeleton, differentiated teeth, fur, endothermic, efficient circulation and respiration, internal fertilization, and young are nourished with milk.

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Order Primates

Large brain, reliance on vision, forward-facing eyes, grasping hands and feet, opposable thumb, and 5 digits with flat nails.

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Evolutionary Trends to human

more upright, bipedal, longer opposable thumb, increased brain capacity and gestation & infancy

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Heterochrony

Change in developmental timing

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Provisioning Services

products obtained from ecosystems: Food, drinking water, wood, natural gas, materials for clothes, medicinal benefits

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Regulating Services

benefits obtained from the regulation of ecosystem processes: Pest regulation, waste decomposition

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Supporting Services

services necessary for the production of other ecosystem services: Nutrient cycling, primary production, pollination

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Cultural Services

non‐ material benefits people obtain from ecosystems: Recreation, spiritual/ religious enrichment, cultural heritage

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Colony Collapse Disorder

when most of the adult (worker) honeybees abandon a hive, leaving behind the queen, food, and an unhatched brood

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Ctenidia

gills used for respiration and filter feeding