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Flashcards for reviewing animal diversity, ecosystem services, and human evolution from lecture notes.
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Nudibranchs
Some nudibranchs feed on cnidarians and store functional nematocysts in cnidosacs at the tips of outgrowths of their gut called cerrata.
Kleptoplasty
Leaf sheep use this process to incorporate chloroplasts into their body from the food they eat
Eutely
Adults have a fixed number of cells.
Caenorhabditis elegans
Important model organism for developmental studies of cell differentiation due to eutely.
Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)
Exhibits bright green fluorescence when exposed to blue or UV light and is used as a reporter gene.
Flatworms (Platyhelminthes)
Reproduce asexually by fragmentation and regeneration and are a model system for stem cell biologists.
Neoblasts
Adult stem cells in planarians that contribute to their ability to regenerate any part of the body.
Leeches (Annelida)
Ectoparasites with salivary glands that secrete an anesthetic and an anticoagulant called hirudin.
Hirudin
An anticoagulant secreted by leeches.
Overharvesting
Harvesting of wild organisms at rates exceeding the ability of their populations to rebound.
Habitat Loss
Human alteration of habitat, the single greatest threat to biodiversity throughout the biosphere.
Gopher Tortoise
A threatened species in FL, keystone species, loss of habitat, used as food and slow to mature.
Coral Bleaching
Warming sea temperatures cause corals to lose their zooxanthellae, leading to coral bleaching.
Box Jellyfish (Class Cubozoa)
Potentially lethal stings for humans; medusa is prominent, with a square‐ish bell and tentacle(s) at each “corner”.
Ticks and Mites (Order Acari)
agricultural pests, common in soil as plant pathogens and ectoparasites of animals
Order Diptera (Flies and Mosquitos)
Characterized by only 1 pair of flying wings, 2nd pair wings reduced to stabilizers and some species are disease vectors.
Shipworms
Bivalves that secrete wood-digesting enzymes and utilize bacteria to process wood
Order Blattodea (Termites and Roaches)
Eusocial group that eats dead plant material/wood and recycles organic matter
Eusociality
Termites live as a colony of related individuals in above- or below-ground nests with labor divided among castes .
Class Mammalia
Tetrapods with a bony endoskeleton, differentiated teeth, fur, endothermic, efficient circulation and respiration, internal fertilization, and young are nourished with milk.
Order Primates
Large brain, reliance on vision, forward-facing eyes, grasping hands and feet, opposable thumb, and 5 digits with flat nails.
Evolutionary Trends to human
more upright, bipedal, longer opposable thumb, increased brain capacity and gestation & infancy
Heterochrony
Change in developmental timing
Provisioning Services
products obtained from ecosystems: Food, drinking water, wood, natural gas, materials for clothes, medicinal benefits
Regulating Services
benefits obtained from the regulation of ecosystem processes: Pest regulation, waste decomposition
Supporting Services
services necessary for the production of other ecosystem services: Nutrient cycling, primary production, pollination
Cultural Services
non‐ material benefits people obtain from ecosystems: Recreation, spiritual/ religious enrichment, cultural heritage
Colony Collapse Disorder
when most of the adult (worker) honeybees abandon a hive, leaving behind the queen, food, and an unhatched brood
Ctenidia
gills used for respiration and filter feeding