AP Biology Unit 1 Test

heat of vaporization

amount of energy required to convert 1g of a liquid to its vapor at its boiling point

polarity

feature of an asymmetric molecule in that one side has a partial positive charge and the other side has a partial negative charge

hydrophilic

attracted to water

hydrophobic

repelled by water

viscosity

resistance of a fluid to flow; thickness

cohesion

ability of molecules to attract to other molecules of the same substance

adhesion

ability of molecules to attract to other molecules of different substances

dissociation

separation of neutral substances into positive and negative ions

polymer

large molecules composed of repeating units

monomer

single unit of a large molecule composed of repeating units

macromolecule

very large molecule, usually a polymer

hydrolysis

splitting a large molecule into smaller units by adding a molecule of water, opposite of dehydration synthesis

dehydration synthesis

connection smaller molecules into a larger one by removing a molecule of water, take out water molecule

polypeptide

several to many amino acids held together by peptide bonds between an amino group and a carboxyl group

antiparallel

strands are parallel, but the directionality is reversed

Atom

smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of the element

Matter

anything that has mass and takes up space

Proton

positive charge, mass 1.000

Neutron

neutral charge, mass 1.001

Electron

negative charge, mass 0.001, located in electron cloud

Ion

particle of atomic or molecular size with an electrical charge

Element

pure substance that has consists entirely of one type of atom

Atomic Number

how elements are arranged on the periodic table

Protons

all atoms of the same element have the same number

Compound

two or more elements chemically bonded together

Types of Chemical Bonds

covalent, ionic, metallic, hydrogen

Covalent Bond

formed when two or more atoms share electrons, very strong bond

Molecule

particle formed when two or more atoms are joined by covalent bonds

Ionic Bond

formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another, fairly weak bond

Metallic Bond

formed between atoms in a mass of metal when valence electrons from each atom are free to move throughout the entire mass

Hydrogen Bonds

formed by the attraction between partially charged areas of polar molecules, particularly between hydrogen and oxygen

Periodic Table

arrangement of elements by number of protons; also arranges them according to characteristics

Numbers on the Periodic Table

Atomic, Mass, Group, Period