Module 6 Exam - Endocrine System

Explain two reasons why a woman with low levels of LH would not be able to become pregnant.

(1) LH acts on the ovary to cause ovulation to occur. (2) LH causes progesterone release to facilitate potential fertilization of the egg and pregnancy. Progesterone is a key hormone for the maintenance of pregnancy.

Would you expect a female to have testosterone in their bloodstream? Explain why or why not.

(1) Yes. Both male and female bodies produce "all" the sex hormones. However, the ratios are different. (2) The adrenal glands are largely responsible for producing this "opposite" hormone that the ovaries would not.

Label the endocrine glands (A through D)

A: Thyroid gland, B: Adrenal gland, C: Kidney, D: Pancreas

Explain the concept of negative feedback and how it helps to maintain homeostasis.

1. The effect or increased level of the hormone acts to shut down the continued release of the hormone., 2. The brain is constantly monitoring hormone levels to keep levels within a certain range or set-point (homeostasis). Negative feedback is a way of "turning off" hormone production when the desired level is achieved

This type of hormone is derived from cholesterol:

Steroid hormones

Growth hormone______

B. is produced by the anterior pituitary gland.

Neurosecretory cells are a part of what endocrine organ?

Hypothalamus

Which hormone production is increased with sunlight?

MSH -melanocyte stimulating hormone

The posterior pituitary stores these two hormones:

ADH and Oxytocin

List the hormone(s) that best describes the statement below: I promote the reabsorption of water at the collecting ducts of the kidneys.

ADH

List the hormone(s) that best describes the statement below: I am secreted by the pituitary and stimulate the gonads.

FSH, LH / Gonadotropic hormones

List the hormone(s) that best describes the statement below: I am secreted by the pituitary to stimulate the adrenal cortex.

ACTH

List the hormone(s) that best describes the statement below: I cause blood glucose to rise and breakdown stored nutrients.

Glucagon

Answer the following question. Explain in detail how PTH and calcitonin work to maintain calcium balance.

Calcitonin: produced by the thyroid glands, deposits calcium into bone. Calcitonin opposes the action of PTH. When the blood calcium level reaches the appropriate level through all these means, the parathyroid glands stop producing PTH through negative feedback. PTH: produced by the parathyroid glands increase the amount of calcium in the blood. (Any one of the following explanations of PTH is acceptable) PTH stimulates the increased absorption of calcium from the intestines. PTH retains calcium through excreting phosphate at the kidneys. In the bones, PTH promotes the activity of osteoclasts to demineralize of the bone, increasing the amount of calcium in the blood.

Which hormone/s are involved in milk production?

C. Prolactin

Which gland decreases in size with age?

Thymus

Iodine is needed to produce which hormone's?

A. T3/T4

Which of the following is NOT a function of oxytocin?

Bone growth

Which hormones are produced in the anterior pituitary?

ACTH, FSH, and GH.

Explain in detail why the thyroid becomes enlarged during an iodine deficiency?

When there is a low level of thyroxin in the blood, the anterior pituitary continues to produce TSH. The thyroid responds by increasing in size and producing a goiter, but this increase in size is ineffective because active thyroxin cannot be produced without iodine.

1. Jet Lag

F. Melatonin production is produced according to body's normal rhythm

2. Pituitary dwarf

A. Underproduction of GH as a childect!

3. Acromegaly

C. Overproduction of GH as an adult

4. Inflammation

E. Cortisol helps to counteract this conditiont!

5. Tetany

D. Results if PTH is not produced in response to low blood calcium

In addition to the endocrine system, the pancreas is also part of which system?

Digestive

Which part of the adrenal glands is vital to life?

Cortex

Which of the following is true regarding aldosterone?

It causes the kidneys to excrete potassium and retain sodium.

If you were calcium deficient, which condition would occur in your body if there was no hormonal compensation?

Tetany

Which of the following is true regarding estrogen?

It causes growth of the uterus and vagina.