Fichas de aprendizaje AP US History-Unit 9 | Quizlet

Greensboro Sit-ins

Members of the SNCC organized "sit - in" of all-white lunch counters at the Woolworth. RESULT: Despite white harassment, it eventually led to the desegregation of lunch counters. NOTE: Dr. King DID NOT organize or lead these protests. SIGNIFICANCE: King did not cause the civil rights movement & large numbers of blacks were motivated to end racial segregation & discrimination.

Medgar Evers

Director of the NAACP in Mississippi and a lawyer who defended accused Blacks, he was murdered in his driveway by a member of the Ku Klux Klan.

Civil Rights Act

1964; banned discrimination in public acomodations, prohibited discrimination in any federally assisted program, outlawed discrimination in most employment; enlarged federal powers to protect voting rights and to speed school desegregation; this and the voting rights act helped to give African-Americans equality on paper, and more federally-protected power so that social equality was a more realistic goal

24th Amendment

Abolishes poll taxes

Voting Rights Act

law that banned literacy tests and empowered the federal government to oversee voter registration

Watts Riots

-Six-day riots in Watts, a depressed African American section of Los Angeles
-Causes included a drunk-driving arrest of a young African American and claims of police brutality
-Thirty-four deaths and over $200 million worth of property damage resulted
-Sparked other riots throughout the country

Black Panther Party

another black separatist movement; known for peaceful demonstrations, but more for police shootouts

Nation of Islam

A group of militant Black Americans who profess Islamic religious beliefs and advocate independence for Black Americans

Gulf of Tonkin

gave PODUS a "blank check" to conduct war in Vietnam

Tent Offensive

when N. Vietnam didn't honor the truce (cease fire) they had made with S. Vietnam on New Years, led to many casualties and longer war

Vietnamization

President Richard Nixon's strategy for ending U.S involvement in the Vietnam war, involving a gradual withdrawl of American troops and replacement of them with South Vietnamese forces

War Powers Act

Act that grants emergency executive powers to president to run war effort

Pentagon Papers

Government documents that showed the public had been lied to about the status of the war in Vietnam

Easter Offensive

This 1972 large-scale invasion of South Vietnam was fought back by combined US-South Vietnamese forces, and resulted in a new bombing campaign against the North.

free love

The principle or practice of sexual relations unrestricted by law, marriage, or religious constraints.

Native Americans

faced problems of poverty, disease, education, mental health

Indian Civil Rights Act

passed by Congress in 1968, guaranteed reservation Indians many of the protections accorded other citizens by the Bill of Rights, but which also recognized the legitimacy of tribal laws within the reservations.

Indian Self-Determination Act

Gave reservations and tribal lands greater control over internal programs, education, and law enforcement.

Latinos

faced problems of education, poverty, language barrior

Chicano Movement

The Mexican-American movement that sought political and social justice. The Chicano Movement addressed negative stereotyping of Mexicans, this stereotyping was addressed through works of literary and visual arts.

Equal Pay Act

1963 law that required both men and women to receive equal pay for equal work

Brown v. Board of Education

forbade school segregation

Mapp v. Ohio

allowed courts to dismiss evidence illegally collected without a search warrant

Engel v. Vitale

banned teacher led prayer in public schools

Baker v. Carr

ordered house districts to be drawn according to population

Gideon v. Wainwright

Criminal defendants are entitled to a court appointed attorney, even if they are unable to pay

Escobedo v. Illinois

people accused of a crime have the right to an attorney during questioning

Griswold v. Connecticut

the right to privacy is implied in the constitution

Miranda v. Arizona

The accused must be informed of their rights to remain silent and have an attorney

Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg school system

allowed forced busing of students to different school districts to enforce integration

Furman v. Georgia

briefly stopped the death penalty

Roe v. Wade

legalized abortion on the basis of a woman's right to privacy

Board of Regents of Cal. v. Bakke

upheld affirmative actions

Nixon's foreign policy

Policy would STOP trying to eliminate communism and win the Cold War, but rather replace it through new initiatives directed toward finding areas of cooperation; Nixon parted with the philosophy of containment, and thought that negotiations and peaceful competition would lead to strengthening of democracies; Détente; Nixon Doctrine.

Watergate

1972; Nixon feared loss so he approved the Commission to Re-Elect the President to spy on and espionage the Democrats. A security gaurd foiled an attempt to bug the Democratic National Committe Headquarters, exposing the scandal. Seemingly contained, after the election Nixon was impeached and stepped down

Richard Nixon

1968 and 1972; Republican; Vietnam: advocated "Vietnamization" (replace US troops with Vietnamese), but also bombed Cambodia/Laos, created a "credibility gap," Paris Peace Accords ended direct US involvement; economy-took US off gold standard (currency valued by strength of economy); created the Environmental Protection Agency

Jimmy Carter

(1977-1981), Created the Department of Energy and the Depatment of Education. He was criticized for his return of the Panama Canal Zone, and because of the Soviet war in Afghanistan, he enacted an embargo on grain shipments to USSR and boycotted the 1980 Olympics in Moscow

fiscal policy

Government policy that attempts to manage the economy by controlling taxing and spending, under Regan

Teflon President

term given to Reagan because of his ability to avoid blame even when things went wrong

Iran-Contra Affair

scandal including arms sales to the Middle East in order to send money to help the Contras in Nicaragua even though Congress had objected