Campbell Biology Concepts and Connections, 4th Edition, Chapter 4

light microscope (LM)

An optical instrument with lenses that refract (bend) visible light to magnify images.

micrograph

A photograph taken through a microscope.

Magnification

the increase in the apparent size of an object

resolving power

a measure of the clarity of an image

cell theory

All living things are composed of cells and all cells come from other cells.

electron microscope (EM)

An instrument that focuses an electron beam through, or onto the surface of, a specimen. An electron microscope achieves a thousandfold greater resolving power than a light microscope; the most powerful EM can distinguish objects as small as 0.2 nm.

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

A microscope that uses an electron beam to study the surface architecture of a cell or other specimen.

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

prokaryotic cell

Eukaryotic cells

nucleoid region

Ribosome

plasma membrane

prokaryotic cell wall

capsule

Pili

prokaryotic flagella

Cytoplasm

Organelle

cellular metabolism

Nucleus

Chromatin

chromosome

nuclear envelope

Nucleolus

endomembrane system

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)

secretory protein

glycoprotein

transport vesicle

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)

Golgi apparatus

Lysosome

Lysosomal storage disease

vacuole

central vacuole

Chloroplasts

Stroma

Granum

Mitochondria

intermembrane space

mitochondrial matrix

cristae

Cytoskeleton

Microfilaments

intermediate filaments

Microtubules

Cilia

Flagella

basal body

Centriole

dynein arms

cell junctions

Plasmodesmata

extracellular matrix

tight junctions

anchoring junctions

communicating junctions

Wassily Kandinsky (1866-1944)

Santiago Ramon y Cajal (1852-1934)

Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)

Robert Hooke (1635-1703)