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Personality

An individuals characteristic pattern of thinking feeling and acting

Psychodynamic

Theories that view personality with a focus on the unconscious mind and the importance of childhood experiences

Psychoanalysis

Freuds theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscionable tensions

Unconscious

According to Freud a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts wishes feeling and memories. According to contemporary psychologist information processing if which we are unaware

Free association

In psychoanalysis a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind no matter how trivial or embarrassing

Id

A reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that according to Freud strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. The it operates on the pleasure principle demanding immediate gratification

Ego

The partly conscious executive part of personality that according to Freud mediates among the demands of the id the superego and reality. Operates on the reality principle satisfying the ids desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain

Superego

The partly conscious part of personality that according to Freud represents internalized ideals and provides standard for judgement and for future aspirations

Defense mechanisms

In psychoanalytic theory the egos protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality

Repression

In psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety arousing thoughts feelings and memories

Terror management theory

a theory of death related anxiety explores people’s emotional and behavioral responses to reminders of their impending death

Thematic apperception test TAT

A projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes

Projective test

A personality test such as the TAT or Rorschach that provides ambiguous images designed to trigger projection of one’s inner dynamics and explore the per conscious and unconscious mind

Rorschach inkblot test

A projective test designed by Hermann Rorschach seeks to identify people’s inner feelings by analyzing how they interpret 10 inkblots

Humanistic theories

Theories that view personality’s with focus on the potential for healthy personal growth

Hierarchy of needs

Mallows levels of human needs

Self actualization

According to Maslow ones of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after basic physical and psychological need are met and self esteem is achieved the motivation to fulfill one’s potential

Self transcendence

According to Maslow the striving for identity meaning and purpose beyond the self

Unconditional positive regard

A caring accepting nonjudgmental Atticus which Carl rogers believed would help people develop self awareness and self awareness

Self concept

All our thoughts and feelings about ourselves in answer to the question who am I

Trait

A characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act in certain ways as assessed by self report inventories and peer reports

Personality inventory

A questionnaire on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feeling and behaviors used to assess selected personality traits

Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory

The mostly widely researched and clinically used of all personality test. Originally developed to id either emotional disorders this test is now used for many other screening purposes

Empirically derived test

A test created by selecting from a pool of items those that discriminate between groups.

Big five factors

Five triages openness,conscientiousness, extroversion,agreeableness and neuroticism that describes personality.

Social cognitive perspective

A view of behavior as influenced by the interaction between peoples triages and their social context

Behavioral approach

Focus on the effects of learning on our personality development

Reciprocal determinism

The interacting influences of behavior internal cognition and environment

Self

In modern psychology assumed to be the center of personality the organizer of our thoughts feelings and actions

Spotlight effect

Overestimating others noticing and evaluation our appearance performance and blunders

Self esteem

Our feeling of high or low self worth

Self efficacy

Our sense of competence and effectiveness

Self serving bias

A readiness to perceive ourselves favorably

Narcissism

expressive self love and self absorption

Collectivism

A cultural pattern that promises the goals of important groups