Exam 2 CJ

August Vollmer

Father of american policingand an early advocate for police professionalism and education, emphasizing the importance of training and ethics in law enforcement.

SARA model

Scan, analyze, Respond, assess

Proacting vs reactive policing

Proactive policing involves preventing crime before it occurs, while reactive policing responds to crimes after they happen.

discretion in policing 

police solve how to determine problems or wether to apply the law or not

metropolitan police act of 1829

Legislation that established the first professional police force in London, aimed at reducing crime and enhancing public safety.

warrants

a piece of paper that gives written order. issued by courts

probable cause

established by criminal law to make an arrest, obtain a warrant, or conduct a search

due process

requierment that legal matters be resolved according to established rules and principles and that individual be treated fairly

4th amendment

protection from unreasonable searches and seizure

5th amendment

right against self-incrimination and right to due process at the federal level

14th amendment

guarantees equal protection and due process to all citizens at the state level

Miranda rights

Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

Informed of their rights

stop and frisk

adams v. williams (1972) 

alamaba v. white (1995)

slave patrols

group of 3-6 white men who regulated the behavior of slaves

the “third degree”

less serious crime

bohr

earlist police system usually 12 people

frankpledge

replaced bohr. all boys and men 12 or older from 10 households into groups

parish constable

police agent who operated in a small town. unarmed,unpaid, part-time

broken windows theory

signs of crime can lead to more crime