Exam 2: Question List 9 and 10

Façade of St. Pantaleon

Cologne, Germany c. 980 AD (Romanesque, Early Medieval Western Europe)

Façade of St. Pantaleon is located in:

Germany

The dates for the Romanesque style are approximately:

900 - 1100

Who was Saint Pantaleon?

A Christian martyr

The Romanesque architectural style that began to emerge around 900 AD draws upon the architectural forms of:

Greco-Roman buildings

The decoration on the upper part of Façade of St. Pantaleon, above the arched entrance, resembles:

A Classical temple front

Which of the following best describes the Romanesque style?

The Romanesque style bears some resemblance to ancient Greco-Roman architecture, but differs considerably from the classical style in shape and proportions

The bands of small, decorative arches that appear just below the two strips of horizontal molding on the façade of St. Pantaleon are called:

Lombard bands

Façade of San Miniato al Monte

Florence, Italy, begun 1013 A.D.
(Romanesque, Early Medieval Western Europe)

Façade of San Miniato al Monte is located in:

Italy

Façade of San Miniato al Monte is dedicated to:

A Christian martyr

What is characteristically Romanesque about the style of the façade of San Miniato al Monte?

half columns, corinthian columns, rounded arches, no frieze

The complex, interwoven patterns that decorate this façade are most reminiscent of:

Medieval manuscript illumination

In what sense is the façade of San Miniato al Monte comparable to the Portrait of A Roman General statue that we studied several lectures ago?

Both blend together stylistic characteristics from separate artistic traditions

The mosaic depicting Christ, the Virgin Mary, and Saint Miniato which appears in the center of the upper portion of this façade is in which style?

Byzantine

Many churches from the Romanesque period, like this one, have a split-level nave—what was the function of the two levels?

Upper level: altar for saying Mass; lower level: crypt containing relics of a saint

A reliquary is:

An object used to contain and display a relic

Cathedral of Notre Dame

Reims, France, begun 1211(Gothic, High Medieval Western Europe)

Which of the following did NOT occur during the age of the Gothic Cathedrals?

A downturn in commercial activity weakened the European economy, making the construction of large-scale architecture impossible

The Gothic style first appeared in:

France

Who first applied the term "Gothic" to the architecture of the High Middle Ages?

Renaissance Italians

What opinion did the people who first applied the term "Gothic" to High Medieval architecture hold regarding that architecture?

They regarded it as barbaric, because it was not done in the ancient Greco-Roman style

The Cathedral of Notre Dame in Reims is dedicated to:

The Virgin Mary

The words "Notre Dame" mean:

Our Lady

Which of the follow is NOT a characteristic element in Gothic ornament?

Lombard bands

What's a finial?

What's a crocket?

What's a tracery?

Cathedral of Notre Dame

Chartres, France, 1145-1220 (Gothic, High Medieval Western Europe)

Given that this church has pointed arches, finials, and tracery, you know that its style is:

Gothic

This church is dedicated to:

The Virgin Mary

Which architectural styles is NOT among the three most prominent and influential styles in the history of Western architecture?

The Egyptian style

What relic is housed in this church?

A piece of the Virgin Mary's clothing

What does the relic housed in this church have to do with the financing of the church's construction?

The relic was sent on a tour of the area surrounding Chartres, and people were charged money to view it

The interiors of Gothic churches are typically ornamented by:

Stained glass

A "rose window", circular in shape, with lots of tracery and stained glass, is a common feature of:

Gothic churches

An architectural structure used in Gothic churches to permit more wall space to be dedicated to windows is the:

Flying buttress

In common with many Christian churches of the basilica type, the plan of the Cathedral of Chartres shows that the building has:

A nave, A transept, An apse (all of the above)

Virgin and Child

c. 1339, France (Gothic, Medieval Western Europe)

This statue was a gift to a cathedral from:

The queen of France

Which of the authors from your readings would be most likely to object to this statue?

Bernard of Clairvaux

This object serves as a reliquary for:

a strand of the Virgin Mary's hair

The four narrative images on the base of this statue represent scenes from:

The Passion of Christ

This statue seems to mark a return in art to:

The beauty of the human body, naturalistically depicted

What does the phrase "Gothic sway" refer to?

A graceful curvature characteristic of Gothic depictions of the human body

Abraham, Sarah, and the Three Strangers

from the Psalter of Saint Louis, c. 1260, Paris
(Gothic, Medieval Western Europe)

Abraham, Sarah, and the Three Strangers illuminated manuscript belonged to:

The king of France

Which of these cities was the European capital of illuminated manuscript production in the later middle ages?

Paris

What is biblical "typology?”

An interpretative practice in which passages from the Old Testament are understood as allusions to the New Testament and the coming of Christ

The intertwined forms on the borders of Abraham, Sarah, and the Three Strangers recall the decorative elements on:

The Book of Kells

The "Gothic sway" of the angel on the left side of Abraham, Sarah, and the Three Strangers is closest to the pose of:

The gold statue of the Virgin and Child, donated to a French cathedral by the queen of France

Christians regarded the “three strangers” in Abraham, Sarah, and the Three Strangers Old Testament story as a reference to which Christian doctrine or concept?

The Trinity

Cimabue, Madonna Enthroned, and Giotto, Madonna Enthroned

Florence, Italy, c. 1290 and 1310

When did Giorgio Vasari live?

in the 1300’s

Cimabue and Giotto are from:

Italy

Today these two paintings by Cimabue and Giotto are held in:

The Uffizi Museum, in Florence

In the early 1300s, when Cimabue and Giotto made their paintings of the Madonna Enthroned, the city of Florence was:

One of the top two or three largest and wealthiest cities in Europe, thanks to the city's predominance in banking, as well as the industries of wool and silk manufacturing

In the early fourteenth century (i.e. early 1300s), when Ciambue and Giotto made their paintings of the Madonna Enthroned, the city of Florence was:

A republic

Early Modern 'republics' were governed by:

a rotating committee of citizens, who must meet certain property or professional requirements in order to serve in the government

Early Modern 'principalities' were governed by:

a single hereditary ruler, belonging to an aristocratic family

The four figures at the bottom of the throne in Cimabue's Madonna Enthroned are:

Old Testament prophets

The medium of Cimabue, Madonna Enthroned, and Giotto, Madonna Enthroned:

tempera on panel

Altarpieces are a category of religious image most closely associated with which of the following?

The Eucharist

Where would altarpieces like these, by Cimabue and Giotto, originally have be located?

On altars in churches

What was the main function of an altarpiece?

To provide people who are taking the eucharist at Mass with an image to help them focus on the eucharist's significance for human salvation

The miraculous process by which the bread and wine is transformed into the flesh and blood of Jesus during the Christian mass is called:

transubstantiation

Compared to Cimabue's Madonna Enthroned, Giotto's version is:

later in date and more naturalistic

In Giotto's version, the throne in which the Virgin Mary's sits is closest in style to:

Gothic architecture

Who is Dante Alighieri?

An Italian poet of who wrote the Divine Comedy

The Divine Comedy is a long poem describing Dante's voyage:

through Hell, Purgatory and Paradise

What is the point of Dante's reference in his Divine Comedy to the painters Giotto and Cimabue?

Great artists are in danger of being proud of their art, and since pride is a sin, it can result in the artist having to spend time in Purgatory after death

Giotto, Scenes from the Lives of Mary and Jesus and The Last Judgment

Fresco, Scrovegni Chapel, Padua, Italy, 1305

The word "Scrovegni" in the name "Scrovegni Chapel" refers to:

The person who commissioned the fresco cycle inside the chapel

The person who commissioned these frescos (Giotto, Scenes from the Lives of Mary and Jesus and The Last Judgment) was:

A banker

In the 'Inferno' section of Dante's Divine Comedy, what sin is Enrico Scrovegni's father being punished for?

Usury (lending money at interest)

Giotto's paintings in the Scrovegni chapel are executed in what medium?

fresco mural

In connection to visual art, the term giornata means

the patch of moist plaster that a fresco painter plans to paint in a day

Which part of the Bible recounts the life of Jesus of Nazareth?

The New Testament

What takes place at the Last Supper?

Jesus tells his disciples that they will never eat with him again, as he will soon die.

Jesus offers bread and wine to his disciples, forming the basis for the Christian ritual of the Eucharist.

Jesus tells his disciples that one of them will betray him.

Compared to art in the Byzantine style, Giotto’s style is:

more naturalistic and more expressive

The story of the "Last Judgment" is told in which book of the Bible?

The Book of Revelation

In Christian theology, what is the "Last Judgment"?

A future event prophesized in the Bible, when the earth will be destroyed, and all human souls will be definitively assigned a place in either paradise or hell

In representations of the Last Judgment, the damned are placed:

On Christ's left

In representations of the Last Judgment, the blessed are placed:

On Christ's right

In Giotto's scene of Hell, what sin is the person hanging from his tongue probably being punished for?

Blasphemy (swearing against God)

In Giotto's scene of Hell, what sin are the people hanging from their genitals probably being punished for?

Lust (sexual desire)

In what way does Giotto's Last Judgment appear to contradict Jesus's words in the Bible?

Giotto shows poor people entering heaven last, after the wealthy ones

What is Enrico Scrovegni shown doing where he appears in Giotto's Last Judgment scene?

donating a building to holy figures

Cathedral of Florence (Duomo) with Filippo Brunelleschi’s Dome

completed 1436

Which of the following best defines the Renaissance?

The Renaissance was a period in which, starting in Italy and spreading outward across Europe, artists, writers and other culturally influential people began to take the culture of ancient Greece and Rome as a guide and a standard of excellence

In what Italian city, toward the end of the High Middle Ages, did the new interest in ancient Greco-Roman antiquity that we call the "Renaissance" first appear?

Florence

What is it that makes the 15th-century Italian architect Filarete feel "reborn"?

The sight of Classical-style architecture

In the context of Renaissance-era culture, a 'humanist' is:

A scholar of literature, history, languages and philosophy whose studies focus on ancient Greco-Roman culture

Which of the following qualities make Leon Battista Alberti a “humanist?”

Alberti was a writer who studied and imitated the written works of ancient Greco-Roman authors

In the Introduction to his Treatise on Painting (which you have read) Leon Battista Alberti praised the city of Florence for:

Reviving the arts, which Alberti believed had been lost since antiquity

In Italian, the word duomo means:

'Cathedral'

Around when was the duomo, or Cathedral, of Florence begun?

Around 1400

What is Piazza della Signoria?

A town square in the city of Florence, where the headquarters of the Florentine government is located

What is Palazzo della Signoria?

A large building in the city of Florence, which served as the headquarters of the Florentine government

Who was the architect who designed the dome on the duomo of Florence?

Filippo Brunelleschi