A and P Lab 3

Try to know this stuff.

Epithelial Tissue

Simple or Stratified

Simple

One layer of cells, which facilitate absorption and filtration. Cell shapes include squamous, columnar, cuboidal, or pseudostratified columnar (example: in capillaries)

Stratified

Has multiple layers of cells, which allow it to protect underlying tissues from abrasion (example: in esophagus)

Make sure you know this.

Connective Tissue: composed of cells in an
extracellular matrix of
amorphous ______ substance and
______, ______, or ______fibers
 Proper

ground, collagen, elastic, reticular

______: areolar, adipose, and reticular
tissue
 Characterized by its ______arranged
fibers and abundant ground
substances

Loose, loosely

______: regular and irregular
 Characterized by ______arranged
fibers

Dense, densely

Connective Tissue: Bone
 Hardest
connective tissue
 ______ fibers and
______salts
 ______tissue
 Made up of _

Collagen, calcium

Vascular

Osteocytes

Need to know spongy vs compact, and trabecula vs osteon

Elastic Cartilage

Most flexible, found in ear.

Hyaline Cartilage

Second most flexible, found in nose and ribs.

Fibro-Carilage

Least flexible, found in knees and vertebrae.

Muscle Tissue

Skeletal

Smooth

Cardiac

Skeletal

Striated and voluntary. Striated and response to voluntary command from the nervous system.

Smooth

Non-striated, involuntary. Non-striated and contracts involuntarily in peristaltic waves that move substances through the body’s digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts.

Cardiac

A special type of striated muscle found only in the myocardium of the heart, has branching fibers connected by intercalated discs that allow for synchronized involuntary contraction to maintain a constant heart rate.

Skeletal System

Axial vs Appendicular

Functions - Support, Movement, Protection, Production of red blood cells.

Flat Bones

Cranial bones, scapular, sternum, ribs.

Long Bones

Tibia, fibula, femur, humerus, ulna, radius.

Short Bones

Carpals and tarsals.

Irregular Bones

Vertebrae and pelvic bones.

Sesamoid Bones

Patella (kneecap).

Bone Tissue

Yellow Marrow

Red Marrow

Yellow Marrow

Fatty bone marrow found in the medullary cavity of long bones.

Red Marrow

Found in spongy bone (often flat bones) produces red blood cells, also in the ends of long bones.

Anatomy of a Long Bone

Make sure to know Diaphysis and Epiphysis.

Bone Histology

Make sure you know it again.

Bone Cells

Osteocytes

Osteoblasts

Osteoclasts

Osteocytes

Maintain bone tissue structure.

Osteoblasts

Build. Synthesize bone matrix.

Osteoclasts

Break down. Break down bone matrix.

Growth Plate Histology

1. Zone of _______ cartilage

2. Zone of cell _________

3. Zone of cell ________

4. Zone of _________

5. Zone of bone ___________

reserve cartilage

cell proliferation

cell hypertrophy

calcification

bone deposition