chem chapters 1-4 exam

- only stuff that I find hard, mostly chapter 4

electrons are found…

outside of the nucleus

protons + neutrons are found…

inside the nucleus

what side of the ptable are metals found?

left side

what side of the ptable are non-metals found

right side

groups go…

across

periods go…

down

what group in the ptable are alkali metal found in?

group 1

what group int he ptable are alkaline earth metals found?

group 2

what group in the ptable are halogens

group 17

what group in the ptable are the noble gasses found?

group 18

periods on the table represent…

energy levels

atomic size (on ptable)

bigger as you go down, smaller as you go right

ionization energy (on ptable)

increases as you go right, decreases as you go down

electronegativity (on ptable)

increases as you go right, decreases as you go down

metallic character (on ptable)

• metals on the left

• nonmetals on the right

increases as you go down

ionization energy definition

the energy required to remove an electron from an atom

• changes the amount of electrons in an atom

electronegativity definition

the ability of an atom to attract bonding electrons

metallic character definition

more metallic = one that loses valence electrons easily, is a metal

what are valence electrons?

electrons found in the outermost shell of an atom

how can you find the number of valence electrons in an atom?

the group number IS the amount of valence electrons in an atom

• example: group 3a = 3 valence electrons

what does the atomic mass represent?

protons + neutrons

what does the atomic number represent?

number of protons

how do you find the number of electrons in an element?

it is the atomic number, the number of protons is equivalent (if it’s a neutral atom)

how many sig figs do you have in the answer when multiplying and dividing?

the one with the least amount of sig figs

• ex: 6.5 × 4.3403 ???

• you would need two sig figs since 6.5 has the least amount of sig figs compared to 4.3403

how many sig figs do you have in the answer when adding and subtracting?

determined by the smallest uncertainty

• ex: 3.1 + 2.645 ???

• 3.1 has the smallest uncertainty, so you would do one decimal place