All topics from Health Science - Grade 8 & 9

This contains most of the body systems, and extra things like Nutrition.

What is health?

A complete state of physical, mental, and emotional well-being

What are 5 examples of healthy habits?

Drinking at least 8 glasses of water per day

Get at least 8 hours of sleep a day

Have a balanced diet

Exercise Regularly

Visit the doctor twice a year

What are 3 examples of good hygiene?

Brush teeth after each meal

Bathe at least twice a day

Use deodorants

Where is the Cranial Cavity?

In the head

What organ is located in the Cranial Cavity?

Brain

Where is the thoracic cavity located?

In the chest

What organs are located in the abdominal cavity?

Heart and Lungs

Where is the abdominal cavity located?

Below the Diaphragm

List 4 organs located in the abdominal cavity.

Small intestine

Large intestine

Kidneys

Pancreas

Put this in the right order: Organ - Cell - Tissue - System

Cell - Tissues - Organs - System

What is the smallest unit in the body?

Cells

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Controls what enters and leaves the body

What is the function of the nucleus?

Controls the activities of the cell

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Contains the organelles of the cell

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Makes energy (site of respiration)

How much bones does the skeletal system (adult) have?

206

How much carpals are in one hand?

8

How many metacarpals are on one hand?

5

How many phalanges are on one hand?

14

How many pairs of ribs are there?

12

What is the skeletal system responsible for?

Support, Protection, and Movement

What is the shin bone?

Tibia

What bone is the radius attached to?

Radius

What all materials is the skeletal system made of?

Bones, bone marrow, joints, ligaments, tendons, cartilage, synovial fluid

What is the longest and strongest bone?

Femur

What is the smallest bone?

Stirrup

What are the last 2 pairs of ribs called and why?

Floating ribs because they are not attached to the front of the sternum

How much bones is a baby born with?

300

What are bones mainly made of?

Calcium

What is a joint?

The place where 2 or more bones meet

What are the types of joints?

Immovable, Hinge, Ball and Socket, Pivot, Gliding

What does the immovable joint do?

Allow no movement

Where are immovable joints located?

Skull and Hips

Where are hinge joints located?

Elbow, Knee, Finger

Where do ball and socket joints move?

Any direction

Where are ball and socket joints located?

Shoulder (top of humerus) and Hip (top of femur)

What does the pivot joint do?

Allows tilting

Where is a pivot joint located?

Neck

What is a gliding joint?

Joint made of several bones that glide against each other

Where are 3 gliding joints located?

Wrist, Ankle, Vertebral Column

What is cartilage?

Soft smooth bone

Where is cartilage found?

At the ends of bones and at joints

What does cartilage do?

Reduces friction to allow bones to move easily at joints

What is synovial fluid?

Oily liquid found at most joints

What does synovial fluid do?

Lubricates joints to reduce friction

What do ligaments do?

Connect bone to bone

What do tendons do?

Connect muscle to bone

What is a fracture?

A broken bone

What is a sprain?

Damaged ligaments

What is a dislocation?

When a bone comes out of a socket at a joint

How do muscles move?

Contracting or Relaxing

What are 3 types of muscle tissue?

Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac

What is another name for skeletal muscles and why?

Antagonistic because when one is contracting the other is relaxing

What are the skeletal muscles in the arm?

Biceps and Triceps

What are examples of smooth muscles?

Intestines, stomach, diaphragm

Where are cardiac muscles found?

In the heart

What are all of the types of teeth in an adult human?

Incisors, Canines, Premolars, Molars

What are incisors used for?

Biting and Cutting

How many incisors are there in total?

8

What are canines used for?

Tearing and ripping flesh

How many canines are there in total?

4

What are premolars used for?

Crushing and grinding food up

How many premolars are there in total?

8

What are molars used for?

Crushing and grinding food up

How many molars are there in total?

12

When do the last molars develop?

18-25

How much teeth are there in an adult human in total?

32

What are the first set of teeth to develop called?

Temporary Teeth

How many teeth are in the first set of teeth to develop?

20

What are the second/last set of teeth to develop called?

Permanent Teeth

How many teeth are in the second set of teeth to develop?

32

What kind of teeth are found in the second set to develop, but not the first set?

Molars

What is the crown (of a tooth)?

The upper (visible) part of the tooth

What is the root (of the tooth)?

The non-visible section of the tooth in the gum

What is the enamel?

The tough outer layer of the tooth

What does the enamel do?

Protect the tooth

What is the dentin?

The layer under the enamel

What is the pulp cavity?

The layer under the dentin in the middle of the tooth

What is in the pulp cavity (do not answer living tissue)?

Nerve cells and Blood capillaries

What is the cementum?

Tough fibers that hold the tooth in place in the gum

What is the largest type of tooth?

Molars

\__________ is the hardest substance in the body.

Enamel

Is the enamel made of living tissue?

No

Is the dentin made of living tissue?

Yes

Is the pulp cavity made of living tissue?

Yes

What is the softest part of the tooth?

Pulp cavity

What are 3 ways to enforce dental hygiene?

Eat less sugary foods

Use a fluoride toothpaste

Floss regularly

What is a cavity?

A hole in the tooth

How is a cavity caused?

Bacteria feeding on sugars and converting it to acid, which destroys the enamel

What is plaque?

A sticky slimy substance that sticks onto the surface of teeth

What the thing that plaque contain?

Bacteria

Which three minerals are important for healthy teeth?

Phosphorus, Calcium, Fluorine

Which mineral strengthens tooth enamel?

Fluorine

What are nutrients?

Compounds in food essential to life

What are the 5 food groups that contain each nutrient?

Grains, Vegetables and legumes, Fruits, Dairy Products, Proteins

What nutrient does grains provide?

Carbohydrates

What nutrients do fruits, vegetables, and legumes provide?

Vitamins, Minerals, Fiber

What nutrient does meats, nuts, and beans provide?

Proteins

What nutrients does dairy and dairy products provide?

Calcium

What is a balanced diet?

Meals which contain foods from all the food groups in the correct amount