APUSH Chapter 23

A. Philip Randolph

this person led the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters; enlisted the union in battles for civil rights for African Americans

Alain Locke

one of the leaders of the Harlem Renaissance who assembled a collection of black writings published in 1925 as "The New Negro"

Al Smith

Democratic candidate of the 1928 election who lost because he couldn't unite the Democratic party

"American Plan"

the crusade for the open shop, which is a shop where no worker was required to join a union, in order to lessen the power unions

automobile

this technological innovation expanded the geographic horizons of many people and allowed for suburb living and a better quality of life

Associationalism

a concept championed by President Hoover that envisioned the creation of national organizations of businessmen in particular industries in order to promote efficiency in production and marketing

Billy Sunday

American fundamentalist minister; he used colorful language and powerful sermons to drive home the message of salvation through Jesus and to oppose radical and progressive groups.

Calvin Collidge (1923-1929)

a. Immigration Act of 1924

b. Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)

c. American Indian Citizenship Act (1924)

consumer culture

a society in which people buys goods on the market; the buying of these goods created an identity

Duke Ellington

a jazz musician; actor in the "Black and Tan" movie

F. Scott Fitzgerald

a novelist and chronicler of the jazz age. his wife, zelda and he were the "couple" of the decade but hit bottom during the depression. his noval THE GREAT GATSBY is considered a masterpiece about a gangster's pursuit of an unattainable rich girl.

H. L. Mencken

a Baltimore journalist who ridiculed many middle-class values such as religion, politics, arts, and even democracy

Harlem Renaissance

a new generation of black artists and intellectuals created a flourishing African American culture widely described as this

Henry Ford

1863-1947. American businessman, founder of Ford Motor Company, father of modern assembly lines, and inventor credited with 161 patents.

Herbert Hoover

Republican candidate of the 1928 election who won; personified the modern, prosperous, middle-class society of the New Era

Issei

Japanese immigrants (1st generation)

Nisei

the American-born children of Japanese immigrants (2nd generation)

Flappers

women who challenged societal and gender norms and were known for their energy and expression

Fundamentalism

an evangelical movement that spread the traditional Christian doctrine to new groups; lost its power after the Scopes Monkey Trial

Jelly Roll Morton

African American pianist, composer, arranger, and band leader from New Orleans; Bridged that gap between the piano styles of ragtime and jazz; Was the first important jazz composer

Ku Klux Klan

a terrorist group that persecuted African Americans, other foreigners, and those considered guilty of irreligion, sexual promiscuity, or drunkenness

Langston Hughes

a poet who captured much of the spirit of the Harlem Renaissance; "I am a Negro—and beautiful"

Lost Generation

the generation of people who endured through World War I, which led to to become disenchanted and isolated themselves from society to find personal fulfillment

Margaret Sanger

the pioneer of the American birth-control movement

National Origins Act

this act strengthened the exclusionist provision of the 1921 law establishing a quota system for annual immigration from any country; immigration from east Asia was banned, the quota for European immigrants was reduced from 3% to 2% and northwestern Europeans of "Nordic" or "Teutonic" descent were favored

Parity

a formula for setting a price for farm goods to ensure that farmers would earn back their production costs no matter how the agricultural market might fluctuate; passed by Congress but vetoed by Coolidge

Prohibition

a movement that banned the sale and manufacture of alcohol; led to immense controversy in American society

Scopes "Monkey" Trial

a trial after John Scopes taught evolution and was prosecuted; he lost and was fined $100 but it allowed Clarence Darrow to expose the flaws of Fundamentalism

Sinclair Lewis

the first American to win a Nobel Prize in Literature; published a series of novels that lashed out at many aspects of modern society

Teapot Dome

a spectacular scandal that involved oil reserves that associated fraud and corruption with President Harding's cabinet

The Jazz Singer

the first American film with synchronized dialogue

Welfare Capitalism

an approach to labor relations in which companies met some of their workers' needs without the urging of unions

Clarence Darrow

a famous attorney who was sent to defend John Scopes during the Scopes Monkey Trial

John Scopes

a biology teacher who was sued for teaching evolution; ended up paying a $100 fine

Warren G. Harding

president who called for a return to normalcy following WWI