Zoology 110 EXAM 2

Tracheae

respiratory tubes in insects

Hemoglobin

the protein contained in red blood cells that is responsible for the delivery of oxygen to the tissues

Exocrine Gland

glands with ducts that secrete onto a free surface eg. sweat, digestive juices

Endocrine Gland

small, ductless gland that secretes hormones into the bloodstream

Hormone

chemical messenger transported through the bloodstream

Neurohypophysis

posterior lobe of the pituitary gland that releases oxytocin and ADH

Adenohypophysis

anterior lobe of the pituitary gland that releases most major hormones except for oxytocin and ADH

Tropic Hormones

hormones that regulate other endocrine glands

Central Nervous System

made up of the brain and spinal cord

Peripheral Nervous System

made up of nerves and ganglia

Ganglion

large collection of cell bodies

Nerve Net

network of connected neurons without a brain or spinal cord, found in Cnidarians

Action Potential

change in electrical charge across the cell membrane

Pheromones

a chemical substance released into the environment by an animal that causes a change in behavior from others of the same species

Cytokines

signaling molecules within the immune system

Xenograft

graft from an animal of different species

Allograft

graft from animal of the same species

Choanoflagellate

free-living unicellular and colonial flagellate eukaryotes considered to be the closest living relatives of animals

Choanocyte

sponge cell that aids in feeding by creating a water current to capture food particles

Cnidocyte

cells that contain cnidae, particularly nematocysts

Nematocysts

stinging cells in cnidarians that piece prey

Zooxanthellae

dinoflagellates that are symbiotic with hard coral

Digenetic

an organism that needs two or more hosts to complete their lifecycle

Monogenetic

an organism that needs only one host to complete their lifecycle

Flame Cell

excretory system in Phylum Platyhelminthes

Parthenogenesis

an asexual reproduction in which a female can produce an embryo without fertilizing an egg with sperm

Zooid

a single animal that exhibits a specialized function within a colony

Trochophore

ciliated larval stage characteristic of many mollusks and annelids

Lophophore

a horseshoe shaped feeding appendage-

Adductor muscle

closes the shell in bivalves

Radula

rasping, protrusible tongue-like organ in mollusks

Clitellum

part of earthworm that carries fertilized eggs and facilitates fertilization

Cuticle

secreted by the epidermis in annelids

Setae

bristle-like structures present on the parapodia (feet) of Subgroup Errantia

Ecdysis

shedding of the cuticle in annelids