Weather and climate

science topic 2

Earths surface both——— and ———- energy.

absorb and reflect

Radiation

the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves

examples of radiation

fire and sun

Convection

the transfer of thermal energy by the movement of a fluid

convection examples

wind

conduction

the transfer of thermal energy from one particle to another

conduction example

water boiling in a pot

The Ozone layer absorbs energy and protects life on Earth. What happens when the Ozone layer is damaged.

To much uv radiation is let in and it harms organisms.

the greenhouse effect supports life on Earth. It is caused when energy from the sun is ————

trapped

If the concentration of carbon dioxide gas continues to increase, it will cause temperatures to ———- on Earth.

increase

if the concentration of carbon dioxide gas decrease, it will cause temperatures to ———— on Earth.

decrease

What causes global winds to happen?

unequel heating of Earth’s surface.

What instrument measures wind speed?

anemometer

What is the major driving force that causes global and local wind patterns?

unequal heating of Earth and Coriolis effect

define and describe jet streams

- 10 kilometers above Earth’s surface are bands of high-speed winds

-can cause heating and cooling locations, precipitation to increase, high altitude winds that flow from west to east.

Define and describe the Coriolis effect.

The way Earth’s rotation makes wind curve and change direction.

cold air ——— and warm air——-.

sinks and rises

winds move from —— pressure to —— pressure.

high to low

winds are always named after the direction the are blowing———

from.

Define trade winds

-east to west

-toward the equator

define easterlies

-blow from the equator

What causes the pattern of ocean currents to change the weather condtions on land during El Nino and La Nina.

changes in wind patterns, ocean currents, temperaures, precipitation.

Miami Is located on the east coast of Florida. A warm ocean current called the gulf stream is located in the Atlantic ocean off the coast of Miami. Which of the following explains the effect of the Gulf Stream on the climate in Miami.

warm and rainy

The density of ocean water varies with its ————- and ————

temperature and salinity.

Surface currents are mainly driven by…

global wind belts or winds

surface currents

-unequal heating

-winds

deep ocean currents

-casued by differences in density

-movement of cold water on ocean floor

El Nino

-every 2-7 years

-warmers temperatures

La Nina

-eastern pacific

-colder temperatures

-colder than normal winters

deep ocean currents slowly carry cold water from the——- to the ——-

poles to the equator