Pathology

Ewing Sarcoma

rare malignant tumor arising in bone; most often occurring in children

exostosis

bony growth (benign) arising from the surface of bone

fracture

traumatic breaking of a bone

osteogenic sarcoma

common malignant tumor arising from osteoblasts, found primarily in children and adolescents

osteomalacia

softening of bone, with inadequate amounts of mineral (calcium) in the bone

Osteomyelitis

inflammation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to infection

osteoporosis

decrease in bone density (mass); thinning and weakening of bone

talipes

congenital abnormality of the hindfoot (involving the talus)

arthritis

inflammation of a joint

ankylosing spondylitis

chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening of joints, primarily of the spine

gouty arthritis

inflammation and painful swelling of joints caused by excessive uric acid in the body

Osteoarthritis

progressive, degenerative joint disease with loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone at articular surfaces

rheumatoid arthritis

chronic joint condition with inflammation and pain; caused by an autoimmune reaction against joint tissue, particularly the synovial membrane

bunion

enlargement of bone or tissue around the joint at the base of the big toe

carpal tunnel syndrome

compression of the median nerve as it passes between the ligament and the bones and tendons of the wrist

dislocation

displacement of a bone from its joint

ganglion cyst

fluid-filled sac arising from joint capsules or tendons, typically in the hand

herniation of an intervertebral disk

abnormal protrusion of an intervertebral disk into the spinal canal or spinal nerves

Lyme disease

chronic, recurrent disorder marked by severe arthritis, myalgia and malaise; cause is bacterium carried by a tick

sprain

trauma to a joint with swelling and injury to ligaments

systemic lupus erythematosus

chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease involving joints, skin, kidneys, central nervous system, heart, and lungs

muscular dystrophy

group of inherited diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers without involvement of the nervous system

polymyositis

chronic inflammatory myopathy