AP Gov Unit 1 Vocab

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27 need to know words for unit 1 in AP US Government and Politics

Government

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27 Terms

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Government

the institution through which a society makes and enforces a public policy

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Public Goods

a commodity or service that is provided without profit to all members of a society, either by the government or a private individual or organization

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Politics

the activities associated with the governance of a country or other area, especially the debate or conflict among individuals or parties having or hoping to achieve power

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Political Participation

how individuals engage in politics

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Policymaking system

what mechanisms the government utilizes to create policy

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Political issue

an issue is an important subject that people are arguing about or discussing

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Policymaking institutions

organizations within the government that create policy

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Public policy

the principles, often unwritten, on which social laws are based

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Democracy

a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically though elected representatives

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Majority rule

50% plus 1

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Minority rights

guaranteed freedoms for a group that is not a part of the majority

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representation

the action of speaking or acting on behalf of someone or the state of being so represented

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Pluralist theory

the theory that there are a multitude of interest groups trying to influence government

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Elite and class theory

the theory posits that a small minority, consisting of members of the economic elite and policy-planning networks, holds the most power--and that this power is independent of democratic elections

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Hyperpluralism

a theory of government contending that when a large number of different groups or factions become so politically influential, the government is unable to function properly

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Policy gridlock

there are so many groups competing in government that nothing gets done

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Great (Connecticut) Compromise

combined elements of the New Jersey and Virginia plans to create the Constitution

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Electoral College

a body of people representing the states of the US, who formally cast votes for the election of the president and vice president

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Three-Fifths Compromise

three out of every five slaves was counted when determining a state's total population for legislative representation and taxation

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Virginia Plan

outlined a strong national government with three branches: legislative, executive and judicial

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New Jersey Plan

retain a unicameral (one-house) legislature with equal votes of states and have the national legislature elect the executive

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Federalism

division of power between state, federal, and local governments

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Grants

money that is given to the states from the federal government for some purpose. Two types of this are categorical and block grants

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Commerce Clause

gives Congress the power "to regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and with the Indian tribes."

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Necessary and Proper Clause

allows Congress to make any law necessary to execute their expressed powers

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Expressed Powers

those powers specifically listed in the Constitution

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Implied Powers

those powers suggested in the Constitution to ensure that governing entities have the ability to execute their expressed powers