Vet Tech Anatomy- Tissues III

This type of membrane lines organs that have connections to the outside environment.

Mucous Membranes

This type of membrane lines the cavities of joints.

Synovial Joints

This type of muscle is classified as voluntary and striated

Skeletal

This type of neural cell does not transmit impulses, but rather serves a supporting role

neuroglial cell

In tissue healing and repair, this is the first stage in the healing process

Inflammation

What are membranes?

Thin, protective layers of tissue linked together.

4 common types of membranes

• mucous membranes

• serous membranes

• cutaneous membranes

• synovial membranes

Mucous membranes

• line organs with connections to the outside environment

• stratified squamous or simple columnar epithelium covering the lamina propria (layer of loose connective tissue)

Serous membranes

• lines walls and cover organs that fill closed body cavities

• continuous sheets doubled over to form two layers with narrow space between them

  • parietal layer

  • visceral layer

• single sheet of simple squamous epithelium bound to the underlying layer of loose connective tissue

• produces thin, watery serosal fluid=transudate

Transudate

• thin, watery secretion

• contains electrolytes, but no mucin

• normal in smal amounts

Exudate

• occurs when proteins or other solid material mixes with transudate

• thicker than transudate

Cutaneous membrane

• The organ is always exposed to the outside environment

  • keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

  • epidermis

• attached to the underlying layer

  • dense irregular connective tissue

  • dermis

Synovial membranes

• line the cavities of joints

  • connective and adipose tissue covered by layer of collagen fibers and fibroblasts

  • no epithelium

• manufacture synovial fluid that fills joint spaces

As a general rule, membranes are composed of what 2 tissue types?

epithelial and connective

What is the term for fluid between the chest wall and the lungs?

pleural fluid

What type of effusion is thin and watery, and is normal in small amount?

Transudate

Muscle tissue

• fibrous cells designed for contraction

  • fiber composition: proteins actin and myosin

  • microfilaments slide over one another

-skeletal, smooth, cardiac

Skeletal muscle

• large cells containing hundreds of nuclei and mitochondria

• collagen fibers surrounding cells merge with collagen fibers in tendons to attach mucle to bone

• straited and voluntary

Smooth muscle

• small, spindle-shaped cells

• non striated and involuntary

• found in walls of hollow organs

  • blood vessels, urinary bladder, uterus, intestines, stomach

Cardiac Muscle

• found only in the heart

• small branching cells with only one nucleus

  • connected via intercalated disks

• striated, involuntary

Which type of muscle is non-striated, involuntary, and found in the walls of hollow organs?

smooth muscle

What connects cardiac muscle together?

intercalated disks

Nervous tissue

• designed to receive and transmit electrical signals throughout thr body

• locations

  • brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves

• 2 general cell types

  • neurons

  • neuroglial cells

Neurons

• Longest cells in the body

• 3 primary parts

  • perikaryon-cel body

  • dendrites-recieve impulses from other cells

  • axon-conduct impulses away from the cell body

Neuroglial Cells

• The function is to support neurons

  • do not transmit impulses

  • isolate conductive membranes

  • provide framework

  • supply nutrients

  • phagocytize

• more numerous than neurons

3 stages of tissue healing and repair

1. inflammation

2. organization

3. regeneration

Inflammation

nonspecific response to injury or disease

• casoconstriction and later vasodilation

• edema (swelling)

• clot formation

• phagocytosis

• release of histamine and heparin

5 cardinal signs of inflammation

• heat

• redness

• swelling

• pain

• loss of function

Organization

• the formulation of granulation tissue

• Wound repair begins soon after injury

  • phagocytosis

  • granulation tissue formed

  • collagen fibers and newly branched capillaries

  • sometimes proud flesh

Regeneration or fibrosis

• epithelialization covers gransulation tissue

• scab is pushed off

• granulation tissue become fiubrous scar

First intention wound healing

• wound edges in close apposition

• no granulation tissue formation; no scarring

sceond intention woun healing

• wound edges separated from each other

• scarring reults

Which part of the neuron conducts impulses away from the cell body?

axon

What is the slowest healing tissue in the body?

nervous tissue