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Flashcards to study important terms from the Pearson Biology 9 HN textbook.
Element
A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical reactions.
Compound
A substance composed of two or more elements in a fixed ratio.
Emergent properties
The unique properties that a compound has, which are different from the properties of its constituent elements.
Trace elements
Elements that are required in very small quantities by living organisms.
Atomic number
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which is unique to each element.
Isotopes
Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons, resulting in different atomic masses.
Ionic bond
A type of chemical bond formed between two ions of opposite charges.
Cation
A positively charged ion.
Anion
A negatively charged ion.
Covalent bond
A type of chemical bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.
Hydrogen bond
A weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom.
Van der Waals interactions
Weak attractions between molecules due to ever-changing electron distributions.
Molecular shape
The three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a molecule.
Ionic compound
A compound formed by the combination of cations and anions, also known as a salt.
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