TEST 3 pt. 3

Myoplasticity

adaptive changes to muscle in response to prolonged positioning and changed in neuromuscular activity

Myoplasticity

ex: contracture, disuse atrophy, weakened actin-myosin bonds

Rigidity

constant resistance to movement that is NOT velocity dependent

Clonus

involuntary, repeating, rhythmic reflexive contractions of a single muscle group

Clonus

elicited by sustained muscle stretch

Clasp knife response 

intitial strong resistance to passive movement that abruptly gives way as passive movement is steadily applied

cerebellar dysfunction 

signs are abnormal motor execution that does not change with or without use of vision.

cerebellar dysfunction 

ataxia, Dysdiadochokinesia, Dysmetria, Action tremor

Babinski’s sign

normal in babies: happens when gently touching feet of SCI pt.

Dysmetria

inability to accurately move intended distances

Dysdiadiadochokinesia 

inability to rapidly alternate movements

Ataxia

Movement disorder common to all lesions of the cerebellum

Action tremor

shaking of limb during voluntary movement

Dysthesia

abnormal and unpleasant feeling

Paresthesia

tingling, prickling, numbness: pins and needles

Hyprealgesia

increased pain response

Allodynian

pain in absence of nociceptive stimulus

Chorea

involuntary, jerky, rapid movements

Athetosis

slow, writhing, purposeless movements

Traumatic myelopathy

disrupts axons but leave myelin intact: wallerian degeneration occurs distally and axons can regenerate

Traumatic myelopathy

Ex: crushing the nerve secondary to dislocations or closed fractures

Multiple mononeruopathy 

two or more nerves in different parts of the body are affected

vasculitis

causes multiple mononeruopathy 

Polyneuropathy

also called stocking-glove distribution

Polyneuropathy

symmetric involvement of sensory, motor, and autonomic axons

Polyneuropathy

begins in feet and then appears in the hands

Polyneuropathy

not due to trauma or ischemia: are metabolic, autoimmune or hereditary

Polyneuropathy

can be caused by toxins and nutritional disorders (alcoholism)

diabetic polyneuropathy

is a metabolic polyneuropathy

Guillain-Barre syndrome

autoimmune polyneuropathy

diabetic polyneuropathy

decreased sensation along with pain, parethesias, and dysthesias

Charcot-marie-tooth disease 

paresis of muscles distal to the knee

Charcot-marie-tooth disease 

also called hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy

Charcot-marie-tooth disease 

S/S: foot drop, steppage gait, frequent tripping, muscle atrophy

Charcot-marie-tooth disease 

therapy involves strengthening, stretching, conditioning muscle and skin protection

myasthenia gravis 

autoimmune disease that damages ACh receptors at neuromuscular junction

botulism

ingesting the botulinum toxin and getting myasthenia gravis

Autonomic dysreflexia 

lesions above T6

Autonomic dysreflexia 

can be caused by a noxious stimulus like a kinked catheter

Autonomic dysreflexia 

is a medical emergency if noxious stimulus not found

dyskinetic cerebral palsy

hyperkinetic disorder characterized by chorea and athetosis